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Related Concept Videos

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Production of Alcohol01:27

Production of Alcohol

Continuous fermentation is a key strategy in industrial ethanol production, particularly when efficiency, scalability, and high yields are essential. This approach allows for uninterrupted operation and optimized resource utilization. The primary feedstock, corn starch, undergoes enzymatic hydrolysis facilitated by α-amylase and glucoamylase. These enzymes break down the starch into fermentable sugars such as glucose, which are readily assimilated by fermentative microorganisms.Fermentation...
Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction02:23

Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction

Reduction is a simple strategy to convert a carbonyl group to a hydroxyl group. The three major pathways to reduce carbonyls to alcohols are catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, and borane reduction.
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat (25–100°C) and...

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Letter to the editor of European Archives of Otorhinolaryngology.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
05:12

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Published on: June 23, 2023

[Upgrade on alcohol abuse].

L Bordini1, L Riboldi

  • 1Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dipartimento di Medicina Preventiva, Clinica del Lavoro L. Devoto, Milano (MI), Italy.

Giornale Italiano Di Medicina Del Lavoro Ed Ergonomia
|March 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Workplace alcohol dependence requires updated regulations for effective prevention. Current health surveillance is challenging, necessitating clearer guidelines for workplace alcohol testing and intervention strategies.

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
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Murine Drinking Models in the Development of Pharmacotherapies for Alcoholism: Drinking in the Dark and Two-bottle Choice
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Murine Drinking Models in the Development of Pharmacotherapies for Alcoholism: Drinking in the Dark and Two-bottle Choice

Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Forensic Toxicology
  • Addiction Medicine

Context:

  • Workplace safety regulations and alcohol abuse prevention.
  • Challenges in applying current legislation (D.Lgs. 81/08) for health surveillance of alcohol dependence.
  • Need for improved workplace alcohol policies.

Purpose:

  • To review the current landscape of workplace alcohol dependence identification and intervention.
  • To highlight the limitations of existing legislation and diagnostic tools.
  • To advocate for legislative improvements focusing on prevention and efficiency.

Summary:

  • Problematic alcohol use is a significant concern for workplace safety, necessitating preventive measures.
  • Existing legal frameworks, like D.Lgs. 81/08, offer health surveillance but face application challenges.
  • Advanced diagnostic tools, including carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and questionnaires, aid physicians, yet legislative clarity for workplace inspections is pending.

Impact:

  • Potential for enhanced workplace safety through targeted preventive interventions.
  • Improved early detection and management of alcohol dependence among employees.
  • Streamlined and more effective regulatory approaches to alcohol abuse in occupational settings.