Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
Accelerated...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Association between masticatory performance and physical fitness in Japanese elementary schoolchildren: The Osaka MELON Study.

Journal of dentistry·2026
Same author

Fluorescein Interferes With Hemoglobin Measurement During Intra-operative Point-of-Care Blood Gas Analysis: A Clinical Observation.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Effects of multiple tongue conditions on the diversity and composition of the oral microbiota.

Journal of oral microbiology·2026
Same author

Characteristics of orofacial function and sleep disorders in children with signs of autism spectrum disorder: A cross-sectional study.

Dental and medical problems·2026
Same author

JCS 2026 Guideline on the Management of Infective Endocarditis.

Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society·2026
Same author

cnm-positive Streptococcus mutans is associated with IgA nephropathy: a comparative study among kidney diseases.

Clinical and experimental nephrology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
10:12

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

Published on: June 19, 2018

Depth elemental imaging of forensic samples by confocal micro-XRF method.

Kazuhiko Nakano1, Chihiro Nishi, Kazunori Otsuki

  • 1Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Japan.

Analytical Chemistry
|March 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Confocal micro-XRF analysis provides depth-selective elemental profiling for forensic samples like paint and leather. This technique successfully maps elemental distributions, aiding in the analysis of multilayered structures and material heterogeneity.

More Related Videos

Preparing Adherent Cells for X-ray Fluorescence Imaging by Chemical Fixation
07:54

Preparing Adherent Cells for X-ray Fluorescence Imaging by Chemical Fixation

Published on: March 12, 2015

Cell Culture on Silicon Nitride Membranes and Cryopreparation for Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Nano-analysis
08:26

Cell Culture on Silicon Nitride Membranes and Cryopreparation for Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Nano-analysis

Published on: December 10, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
10:12

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

Published on: June 19, 2018

Preparing Adherent Cells for X-ray Fluorescence Imaging by Chemical Fixation
07:54

Preparing Adherent Cells for X-ray Fluorescence Imaging by Chemical Fixation

Published on: March 12, 2015

Cell Culture on Silicon Nitride Membranes and Cryopreparation for Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Nano-analysis
08:26

Cell Culture on Silicon Nitride Membranes and Cryopreparation for Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Nano-analysis

Published on: December 10, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Micro-X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is crucial for analyzing small sample regions.
  • Nondestructive 3D-XRF analysis has been challenging due to the high penetration of emitted fluorescent X-rays.
  • Confocal micro-XRF techniques offer depth-selective analysis capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply a novel tabletop confocal micro-XRF system for analyzing forensic samples.
  • To demonstrate the capability of elemental depth profiling and mapping for forensic applications.
  • To assess the homogeneity and layered structures within automotive paint fragments and leather samples.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a new tabletop confocal micro-XRF system with polycapillary X-ray lenses.
  • Performed elemental depth profiling and mapping on multilayered automotive paint fragments and leather samples.
  • Compared confocal micro-XRF results with conventional micro-XRF cross-section analysis for validation.

Main Results:

  • Successfully obtained elemental depth profiles and mapping images of forensic samples.
  • Distinguished multilayered structures in paint fragments based on elemental depth profiles.
  • Observed heterogeneous elemental distribution in some leather samples, with specific components showing localized patterns.
  • Confirmed approximate agreement between confocal and conventional micro-XRF results.
  • Depth imaging revealed homogeneous distribution in most paint layers, except for Fe and Zn, while leather showed localized elemental components.

Conclusions:

  • The confocal micro-XRF system is effective for depth-selective elemental analysis of forensic materials.
  • Elemental depth profiling can differentiate layers in multilayered forensic samples.
  • The technique provides valuable insights into the homogeneity and heterogeneity of forensic materials like paint and leather.