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Related Concept Videos

IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids01:28

IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids

In IR spectroscopy of carboxylic acids, the C=O bond shows a characteristic band between 1710 and 1760 cm⁻¹, and the O–H bond exhibits a broad band between 2500 and 3300 cm⁻¹.
However, the stretching absorptions for the C=O bond vary depending on the structure of carboxylic acids. The C=O bond of the free carboxylic acids shows a higher stretching frequency, 1760 cm−1, while H-bonded carboxylic acids (dimers) exhibit stretching absorptions at a lower frequency, 1710 cm−1. The C=O bond of the...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:26

Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Infrared spectroscopy is primarily used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups. In carboxylic acid derivatives, a typical carbonyl bond absorption is observed around 1650–1850 cm−1. For esters, the absorption is recorded at around 1740 cm−1, while acid halides show the absorption at about 1800 cm−1. Another acid derivative, the acid anhydrides, exhibit two carbonyl absorption around 1760 cm−1 and 1820 cm−1, arising from the symmetrical and unsymmetrical carbonyl vibration.
In the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals
10:35

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

Published on: May 29, 2018

Optical sensing scheme for carbon dioxide using a solvatochromic probe.

Reham Ali, Thomas Lang, Sayed M Saleh

    Analytical Chemistry
    |March 29, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a novel carbon dioxide (CO(2)) sensor using Nile Red dye. It offers visual and instrumental detection of gaseous and dissolved CO(2) with high sensitivity and rapid response times.

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    Split Point Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Thermal-Optical Organic/Elemental Carbon Measurements
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    Split Point Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Thermal-Optical Organic/Elemental Carbon Measurements

    Published on: September 7, 2019

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    Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

    Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals
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    Published on: May 29, 2018

    Split Point Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Thermal-Optical Organic/Elemental Carbon Measurements
    10:22

    Split Point Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Thermal-Optical Organic/Elemental Carbon Measurements

    Published on: September 7, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Chemical Sensing
    • Materials Science
    • Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Traditional pH indicator probes for CO(2) sensing have limitations.
    • This work utilizes the solvatochromic probe Nile Red (NR) embedded in an ethyl cellulose matrix.
    • The sensor's microenvironment polarity is modulated by a hydrophobic amidine additive that reversibly binds carbon dioxide.

    Discussion:

    • The Nile Red probe exhibits significant spectral shifts in color and fluorescence upon exposure to gaseous CO(2) (gCO(2)) and dissolved CO(2) (dCO(2)).
    • The sensor demonstrates a wide response range for gCO(2) (0-100%) and dCO(2) (0-1 M bicarbonate solutions).
    • Both visual and instrumental (digital camera) readouts are feasible, enhancing versatility.

    Key Insights:

    • Achieved detection limits of approximately 0.23% for gCO(2) and 1.53 hPa for dCO(2).
    • Reported response times of ~10 min (forward) and ~3 min (reverse) for gCO(2), and up to 25 min for dCO(2).
    • Quantified optical response using digital camera analysis of spectral information.

    Outlook:

    • Potential for development of advanced optical CO(2) sensors.
    • Applications in environmental monitoring and industrial process control.
    • Further optimization of response times and sensitivity for specific applications.