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Related Concept Videos

Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Structure of Porins01:21

Structure of Porins

Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and gram-negative bacteria have transmembrane, beta-barrel proteins called porins to mediate the free diffusion of ions and metabolites across the membrane. Mitochondrial porin precursors contain conserved amino acid sequences called beta signals at their C-terminal. Beta signals have a  motif of PoXGXXHyXHy (Po-Polar, X-Any amino acid, G-Glycine, Hy-LargeHydrophobic), which are crucial for precursor recognition to initiate precursor assembly. Beta-barrel precursors...
[3,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement of 1,5-Dienes: Cope Rearrangement01:21

[3,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement of 1,5-Dienes: Cope Rearrangement

The Cope rearrangement is classified as a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in 1,5-dienes, leading to a more stable, isomeric 1,5-diene. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six electrons, four from two π bonds and two from a σ bond, via an energetically favorable chair-like transition state.
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...

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Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides
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Dramatic structural rearrangements in porous coordination networks.

Javier Mart-Rujas1, Nazrul Islam, Daisuke Hashizume

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Heating porous coordination networks triggers crystalline-to-amorphous-to-crystalline (CAC) phase transformations. These transformations reveal molecular rearrangements and the retention of structural information, highlighting network flexibility.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Porous coordination networks (PCNs) are versatile materials with tunable structures.
  • Understanding the dynamic behavior of PCNs under thermal stress is crucial for their applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the thermal phase transformations of isostructural crystalline porous coordination networks.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms behind crystalline-to-amorphous-to-crystalline (CAC) transformations in these networks.

Main Methods:

  • Ab initio X-ray powder diffraction was employed to study the networks at elevated temperatures (573–723 K).
  • Control experiments were conducted to detail the mechanistic aspects of the CAC transformations.

Main Results:

  • All three studied networks (X = I, Br, Cl) exhibited reversible CAC phase transformations upon heating.
  • New crystalline networks were formed after the CAC transformations, with specific structures depending on the halide (X).
  • The study demonstrated bond breaking and formation during molecular rearrangements, influenced by the initial network structure.

Conclusions:

  • Coordination networks retain structural information in the amorphous phase during CAC transformations.
  • This retained information is passed from a metastable to a more stable crystal.
  • The findings reinforce the concept of coordination networks as flexible and chemically active materials.