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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Morphogenesis02:19

Morphogenesis

Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
Meristems and Plant Growth02:36

Meristems and Plant Growth

Plants grow throughout their lives; this is called indeterminate growth, and it distinguishes plants from most animals. Although certain parts of plants stop growing (e.g., leaves and flowers), others grow continuously—like roots and stems.
Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

Cell Signaling in Plants

Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...

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Efficient and Rapid Isolation of Early-stage Embryos from Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds
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Efficient and Rapid Isolation of Early-stage Embryos from Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds

Published on: June 7, 2013

The epigenome and plant development.

Guangming He1, Axel A Elling, Xing Wang Deng

  • 1Peking-Yale Joint Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and Agro-Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. heguangming@pku.edu.cn

Annual Review of Plant Biology
|March 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant epigenomes control gene expression and phenotype through epigenetic modifications. These modifications, including DNA methylation and histone changes, are crucial for development, reproduction, and adaptation, driving plant diversity.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Epigenomic regulation of chromatin structure and genome stability is vital for interpreting genetic information and determining phenotype.
  • High-resolution plant epigenome mapping utilizes chromatin technologies, genomic tiling microarrays, and high-throughput sequencing.
  • Epigenetic modifications orchestrate transcriptomic activity and are established in a tissue- and environment-specific manner during plant development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of epigenomic reprogramming in plant gametogenesis.
  • To investigate the epigenetic regulation of gene imprinting in plants through DNA methylation changes in the endosperm.
  • To understand the impact of histone modifications on plant responses to light environments and transcriptional regulation.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution epigenome mapping using chromatin technologies and genomic tiling microarrays.
  • High-throughput sequencing-based approaches for epigenomic analysis.
  • Analysis of DNA methylation and histone modifications in various plant tissues and conditions.

Main Results:

  • Epigenomic reprogramming via small RNAs is essential for plant gametogenesis.
  • Genome-wide DNA methylation loss in the endosperm correlates with endosperm-specific gene expression, revealing insights into plant gene imprinting.
  • Global histone modification changes are observed in response to light, indicating their regulatory role in light-controlled transcription.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms are fundamental to plant development, reproduction, and adaptation.
  • Epigenomic natural variation contributes to phenotypic diversity and may underlie complex traits like heterosis.
  • Understanding plant epigenomes provides crucial insights into gene regulation, development, and evolutionary processes.