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Craniometric measures during development using MRI.

Robert C Vannucci¹, Todd F Barron, Desiree Lerro

¹Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.

|March 29, 2011

Summary

Brain size and shape change significantly from infancy through adolescence, with occipito-frontal circumference increasing over time. These developmental patterns reveal variations and sex differences in brain maturation.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Human Development
Radiology

Background:

Understanding typical brain development is crucial for identifying atypical growth patterns.
Previous studies often relied on limited datasets or post-mortem analyses.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize developmental changes in brain volume and shape using MRI in a cohort from infancy to adolescence.
To investigate age- and sex-related variations in craniometric measures and brain configuration.

Main Methods:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was used to obtain 20 craniometric measures in 118 individuals (1 week to 18.7 years).
Clinical data including age, sex, and occipito-frontal circumference (OFC) were collected.
Analysis focused on age- and sex-related changes in brain size, shape, and specific ratios.

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Main Results:

Occipito-frontal circumference (OFC) has increased compared to 40 years ago, correlating with increased stature.
Significant developmental changes in brain volume and shape were observed, most pronounced in infancy.
Sex differences in brain volume and shape were identified, indicating sexual dimorphism; cerebellar development lagged behind cerebral hemispheres.

Conclusions:

Brain development involves dynamic changes in volume and shape throughout infancy, childhood, and adolescence.
The study provides normative data for brain development, highlighting variations and sex differences.
Findings facilitate comparisons between contemporary and historical human brain measurements.