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Related Concept Videos

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
Anaphase Promoting Complex00:50

Anaphase Promoting Complex

The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...
Anaphase Promoting Complex00:50

Anaphase Promoting Complex

The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...
The Cell Cycle Control System01:28

The Cell Cycle Control System

The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are the primary cell cycle regulators and function at the cell...

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Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes
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Mutual regulation between the spindle checkpoint and APC/C.

Soonjoung Kim1, Hongtao Yu

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|March 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The spindle checkpoint prevents errors in chromosome segregation by inhibiting Cdc20, a key activator of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). This review details how checkpoint proteins block APC/C, ensuring genomic stability during cell division.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis is essential for genomic stability.
  • The spindle checkpoint is a crucial surveillance mechanism that ensures segregation fidelity.
  • This checkpoint prevents premature anaphase by inhibiting the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding the spindle checkpoint's inhibition of APC/C.
  • To explore the mechanisms of checkpoint protein activation and their enzymatic functions.
  • To discuss the role of APC/C-dependent ubiquitination in checkpoint inactivation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on spindle checkpoint and APC/C.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms of protein-protein interactions.
  • Examination of biochemical pathways regulating cell cycle progression.

Main Results:

  • Checkpoint proteins directly inhibit the mitotic activator Cdc20, a subunit of APC/C.
  • Specific checkpoint proteins undergo conformational and enzymatic activation to exert their inhibitory functions.
  • APC/C-dependent ubiquitination plays a role in the timely inactivation of the spindle checkpoint.

Conclusions:

  • The spindle checkpoint effectively maintains genomic stability by controlling APC/C activity.
  • Understanding these intricate regulatory mechanisms is key to comprehending cell cycle control.
  • Further research into APC/C-dependent ubiquitination may reveal new therapeutic targets for diseases involving genomic instability.