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Related Concept Videos

Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications01:25

Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a medical process that removes waste products and excess fluid from the body using the peritoneal membrane as a natural filter.Peritoneal Dialysis MethodsSeveral methods can be used for peritoneal dialysis, including Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis, also known as Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis.Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (AIPD) is used for patients with uremic...
Ascites01:19

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DefinitionAscites is the buildup of fluid inside the peritoneal cavity. It occurs when fluid moves out of the vascular system faster than the peritoneal lymphatics can remove it. This fluid shift is most commonly seen in liver cirrhosis but can also appear in several other systemic disorders.EtiologyCirrhosis remains the leading cause of ascites. Other conditions that can contribute include:Heart failureConstrictive pericarditisAbdominal cancersNephrotic syndromeSevere protein–calorie...
Pericarditis I: Introduction01:22

Pericarditis I: Introduction

Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
Peritoneum01:21

Peritoneum

The peritoneum is a vital membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the organs within it. It plays a crucial role in protecting the organs, providing a smooth surface for their movement, and facilitating various physiological processes. Understanding the anatomy and function of the peritoneum is essential for comprehending the complexities of the abdominal region.
Anatomy of the Peritoneum
The peritoneum is divided into two layers: the parietal peritoneum and the visceral...
Pericarditis III: Medical Management01:17

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

The primary objectives of managing pericarditis are to determine the underlying cause, provide effective therapy for treatment and symptom relief, and promptly detect signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade. The following outlines the essential aspects of medical management for pericarditis:ObjectivesDetermine the Cause: Identifying the underlying cause of pericarditis is crucial for targeted treatment. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune diseases, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and...

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A Retrograde Implantation Approach for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in Mice
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Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis: what have we learned?

Catriona Goodlad1, Edwina A Brown

  • 1Imperial College Kidney and Transplant Institute, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK. catriona.goodlad08@imperial.ac.uk

Seminars in Nephrology
|March 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Understanding its causes, like dialysis fluid exposure and inflammation, is key to preventing and managing this condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a rare but severe complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD).
  • It leads to significant patient morbidity and mortality.
  • The exact pathogenesis of EPS remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical, radiologic, and histologic features of EPS.
  • To discuss the proposed mechanisms underlying peritoneal membrane changes in long-term PD patients.
  • To identify knowledge gaps in EPS management and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical features, diagnosis, and pathogenesis of EPS.
  • Discussion of proposed mechanisms including epithelial to mesenchymal transition, fibrosis, and angiogenesis.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to EPS, such as dialysis fluid composition, peritonitis, and uremia.

Main Results:

  • EPS is strongly associated with the duration of PD.
  • Key contributing factors include high-glucose dialysis fluids, peritonitis, and uremia.
  • Abnormal peritoneal membrane thickening and sclerosis are characteristic findings.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal medical and surgical management strategies for EPS require further investigation due to a lack of controlled studies.
  • Future research should focus on defining the roles of surgery, immunosuppression, and antifibrotic agents.
  • Developing effective screening and monitoring strategies for PD patients at risk of EPS is crucial.