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Related Concept Videos

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...

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Updated: Jul 16, 2026

An Ex vivo Model of an Oligodendrocyte-directed T-Cell Attack in Acute Brain Slices
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[Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in acute relapsing multiple sclerosis].

Y C Yang1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Beijng Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.

Zhonghua Shen Jing Jing Shen Ke Za Zhi = Chinese Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry
|June 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Peripheral blood suppressor T cells (Ts) decrease during acute relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). This elevation in the helper T cell/suppressor T cell (Th/Ts) ratio correlates with disease severity and longer relapse duration.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neurology
  • Cell Biology

Context:

  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system.
  • Understanding lymphocyte subset dynamics is crucial for monitoring MS progression.
  • Previous studies have indicated immune system dysregulation in MS pathogenesis.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets during the acute relapsing stage of Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
  • To correlate these changes with disease activity, severity, and recovery patterns.
  • To utilize the Anti-Leu series of monoclonal antibodies and ABC staining for precise cell enumeration.

Summary:

  • Peripheral blood samples from 10 patients with acute relapsing MS were analyzed for lymphocyte subsets (total T cells, helper T cells, suppressor T cells, B cells).
  • A significant decrease in suppressor T cells (Ts) and an elevated helper T cell/suppressor T cell (Th/Ts) ratio were observed during acute relapses.
  • These immunological markers tended to normalize during recovery, with prolonged high Th/Ts ratios associated with increased disease severity and longer relapse periods.

Impact:

  • Provides insights into the immunological profile of acute relapsing MS.
  • Suggests the Th/Ts ratio as a potential biomarker for disease activity and prognosis.
  • Highlights the role of T cell subsets in MS pathogenesis and disease course.