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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Bone densitometry.

Kwang J Chun1

  • 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA. kchun@montefiore.org

Seminars in Nuclear Medicine
|March 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a precise method for measuring bone mineral density (BMD), crucial for early osteoporosis detection and management. It offers advantages over older techniques, enabling faster scans and lower radiation exposure.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Radiology
  • Osteoporosis Research

Background:

  • Conventional radiography visualizes bone structure but lacks bone mineral density (BMD) information, hindering early osteoporosis diagnosis.
  • Bone densitometry provides quantitative BMD measurement, enabling early detection of bone mineral loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution and advantages of bone mineral density measurement techniques.
  • To highlight the widespread acceptance and applications of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in osteoporosis management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of absorptiometry techniques for BMD measurement, including single-photon absorptiometry, dual photon absorptiometry (DPA), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
  • Comparison of DXA's capabilities (speed, precision, radiation dose) with previous methods.

Main Results:

  • DXA, introduced in the mid-1980s, offers significant improvements over DPA and single-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
  • DXA provides accurate BMD measurements of the spine and hip rapidly, with low radiation doses and high precision.
  • Recent applications of DXA include lateral spine, whole-body composition, and vertebral fracture assessment.

Conclusions:

  • DXA is the preferred method for early osteoporosis detection, treatment, and follow-up due to its efficiency and accuracy.
  • Standardized data for DXA scans facilitate immediate diagnosis by physicians.
  • DXA's versatility extends to body composition analysis and fracture assessment.