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Related Concept Videos

Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT01:30

Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT

Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and the...
Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray

The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
Fundamental Principles of PET
Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI01:14

Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI

Introduction: MRI and CT scans are crucial advancements in medical imaging techniques, playing a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Each scan serves distinct purposes, targets specific areas, and requires unique nursing duties.
Description of the Procedures
Computed Tomography (CT) scan:
Computed Tomography (CT) scans use X-ray technology to generate detailed images of bones, organs, and tissues. During the scan, the patient lies on a moving table...
Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...

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Clinical Imaging of Microwave Mammography
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Clinical Imaging of Microwave Mammography

Published on: November 14, 2025

Breast cancer imaging devices.

Renee M Moadel1

  • 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Montefiore Medical Park, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. rmoadel@montefiore.org

Seminars in Nuclear Medicine
|March 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Positron emission mammography (PEM) and breast-specific gamma (BSG) imaging offer advanced solutions for breast cancer detection, especially when mammography or MRI are insufficient. These nuclear medicine techniques improve imaging resolution and aid in diagnosis and surgical guidance.

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Tracking the Mammary Architectural Features and Detecting Breast Cancer with Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear medicine imaging
  • Medical physics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Conventional mammography has limited specificity, particularly in women with dense breast tissue, leading to missed or false-positive cancer diagnoses.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is recommended for high-risk patients but is not tolerated by all, creating a need for alternative screening methods.
  • Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer death in women, necessitating continuous advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic imaging techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical need and technological advancements in positron emission mammography (PEM) and breast-specific gamma (BSG) imaging for breast cancer detection.
  • To highlight the capabilities of newly approved and developing PEM and BSG systems.
  • To discuss the role of nuclear medicine in breast cancer evaluation and surgical procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Review of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved and developmental PEM and BSG camera systems.
  • Analysis of imaging technologies, including crystal types (LYSO, LYSO:Ce, NaI, CZT) and detector components (PS-PMT, MAPD).
  • Examination of spatial resolution capabilities and biopsy guidance features of various systems.

Main Results:

  • Several PEM and BSG systems have received FDA clearance, offering improved spatial resolution (e.g., PEM Flex Solo II at 2.4 mm, GE Discovery NM 750 b at 3.5 mm).
  • Ongoing research focuses on enhancing crystal and camera architectures to further improve imaging resolution.
  • Nuclear medicine techniques, including sentinel lymph node localization and radiolabeled seed localization, are integral to breast cancer management.

Conclusions:

  • PEM and BSG imaging represent crucial advancements in breast cancer diagnostics, addressing limitations of conventional mammography and MRI.
  • Technological innovations are continually enhancing the resolution and utility of these nuclear medicine imaging modalities.
  • These techniques play a vital role in the comprehensive evaluation and treatment of breast cancer patients.