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Reduced functional connectivity during working memory in Turner syndrome.

Signe Bray1, Bria Dunkin, David S Hong

  • 1Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA. signeb@stanford.edu

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|March 29, 2011
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Summary

Turner syndrome (TS) is linked to reduced functional brain connectivity, impacting working memory. This study found impaired frontal-parietal connectivity in TS, correlating with task performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Turner syndrome (TS) is a genetic condition characterized by the absence of an X chromosome in females.
  • Individuals with TS often exhibit cognitive deficits, particularly in working memory, alongside specific neuroanatomical differences.
  • Previous research suggests potential links between structural brain abnormalities and functional connectivity issues in TS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional connectivity between frontal and parietal brain regions during working memory tasks in individuals with Turner syndrome.
  • To determine if reduced functional connectivity in TS is associated with working memory impairments.
  • To explore the relationship between brain connectivity and task performance in TS.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to scan participants with TS and typically developing controls.
  • Participants completed visuospatial and phonological working memory tasks.
  • Seed regions in the parietal cortex were identified based on known structural differences in TS.

Main Results:

  • Reduced functional connectivity between parietal and dorsal frontal regions was observed in individuals with TS during working memory tasks.
  • The degree of reduced connectivity correlated with working memory task performance in the TS group.
  • These findings indicate that structural brain differences in TS impact regional interactions and behavioral outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Structural brain abnormalities in Turner syndrome affect functional brain connectivity, particularly between frontal and parietal regions.
  • Impaired functional connectivity is associated with working memory deficits in TS.
  • These neural differences have significant implications for cognitive function and behavior in individuals with TS.