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Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters

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Terahertz surface plasmons in optically pumped graphene structures.

A A Dubinov¹, V Ya Aleshkin, V Mitin

¹Computational Nanoelectronics Laboratory, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu, Japan.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal

|March 29, 2011

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Optically pumped graphene structures can amplify terahertz surface plasmons (SPs) when conductivity becomes negative. This finding is crucial for developing advanced graphene-based terahertz lasers and devices.

Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Optoelectronics
Nanotechnology

Background:

Surface plasmons (SPs) are electromagnetic waves coupled to electron oscillations at material surfaces.
Graphene's unique electronic properties make it a promising material for manipulating SPs.
Optical pumping can alter graphene's conductivity, potentially leading to novel optical phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the behavior of terahertz (THz) SPs in optically pumped single-graphene layer (SGL) and multiple-graphene layer (MGL) structures.
To determine the conditions under which THz SP damping can be overcome by amplification.
To compare the SP amplification potential of SGL and MGL structures.

Main Methods:

Theoretical analysis of SP propagation in optically pumped graphene.

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Calculation of dynamic conductivity considering interband population inversion.

Modeling of SP gain in SGL and MGL configurations.

Main Results:

Negative dynamic conductivity in the THz range was achieved in SGL and MGL structures under strong optical pumping.
This negative conductivity leads to the amplification of THz SPs, overcoming damping.
SP gain is significantly influenced by the number of graphene layers, with an optimal number for maximization.

Conclusions:

Optically pumped graphene structures can exhibit THz SP amplification, a key effect for active THz devices.
The observed SP gain is substantial and can exceed that in dielectric waveguide structures.
Tailoring the number of graphene layers is essential for optimizing SP gain in graphene-based THz devices.