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Use of indigenous bubble CPAP during swine flu pandemic in Pune, India

Aarti Kinikar1, Rajesh Kulkarni, Chhaya Valvi

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, B. J. Medical College & Sassoon General Hospital, Pune, M. S-411001, India. aarti.kinikar63@gmail.com

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|March 29, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Indigenous Nasal Bubble CPAP (NB-CPAP) effectively improved oxygen levels and vital signs in children with swine flu respiratory failure. This safe and cost-effective treatment may prevent the need for intubation during pandemics.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Critical Care
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • The swine flu pandemic presented a challenge for managing acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in children.
  • Non-invasive ventilation strategies are crucial for supporting respiratory function during viral outbreaks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an indigenously developed Nasal Bubble CPAP (NB-CPAP) device.
  • To assess NB-CPAP's impact on gas exchange and vital signs in pediatric patients with swine flu-related respiratory distress.

Main Methods:

  • A study included 36 children with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (18 H1N1 positive, 18 negative).
  • Patients received oxygen via indigenous NB-CPAP, delivering 5 cm water positive airway pressure and ~70% FiO2.
  • Gas exchange parameters and vital signs were recorded at baseline and after 6 hours of NB-CPAP therapy.

Main Results:

  • Significant improvements were observed in respiratory rate (p < 0.0001) and heart rate (p < 0.001) after 6 hours.
  • PaO2 (p < 0.0001), PaCO2 (p < 0.0001), PaO2/FiO2 ratio (p < 0.0002), and O2 saturation (p < 0.001) improved significantly.
  • Median NB-CPAP use was 2 days, with no endotracheal intubations required; median hospital stay was 7 days.

Conclusions:

  • Indigenous NB-CPAP is effective in improving hypoxemia and clinical symptoms in children with acute respiratory failure due to influenza-like illness.
  • The device is a safe, well-tolerated, and cost-effective option for managing respiratory distress during pandemics.
  • NB-CPAP may serve as a valuable tool to prevent progression to mechanical ventilation in pediatric patients.
Abstract

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