The effects of oral dehydroepiandrosterone on endocrine-metabolic parameters in postmenopausal women

To discern the pharmacological effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in older women with low endogenous DHEA and DHEA sulfate (DS), 1600 mg/day (in four divided doses) were administered orally to six postmenopausal women for 28 days in a double blind placebo-controlled cross-over study. Serum concentrations of androgens after the first 400-mg dose of DHEA increased rapidly and reached a maximum at 180-240 min, resulting in increases over baseline of 6-fold for DHEA (5.8 +/- 2.1 to 28.8 +/- 5.5 nmol/L), 12-fold for DS (3.0 +/- 1.6 to 28.2 +/- 4.6 mumol/L) and androstenedione (1.4 +/- 0.3 to 19.5 +/- 9.8 nmol/L), 2.5-fold for testosterone (0.7 +/- 0.1 to 2.2 +/- 0.6 nmol/L), and 15-fold for dihydrotestosterone (0.2 +/- 0.06 to 2.73 +/- 1.0 nmol/L), but estrone, estradiol, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were unchanged. Assessment at weekly intervals revealed a further increase in all androgens which was maximal at 2 weeks and remained markedly elevated, although it declined somewhat by 4 weeks. The increments observed after 2 weeks of DHEA administration reached 15-fold for DHEA (71.9 +/- 14.2 nmol/L), 9-fold for testosterone (6.5 +/- 1.7 nmol/L), and 20-fold for DS (65.1 +/- 14.9 nmol/L), androstenedione (30.5 +/- 11.5 nmol/L), and dihyrotestosterone (3.8 +/- 1.5 nmol/L). Both estrone and estradiol showed a progressive increase to 2-fold the basal value at 4 weeks. Integrated SHBG and thyroid binding globulin levels decreased (P less than 0.05) during DHEA treatment. However, LH, FSH, body weight, and percent body fat, as measured by underwater weighing, were unaltered during the 4-week experiment. A marked decline of 11.3% (P less than 0.05) in serum cholesterol and 20.0% (P less than 0.05) in high density lipoprotein noted within the first week of DHEA administration persisted for the 28-day period and was accompanied by a nonsignificant downward trend in low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, and triglycerides. Peak insulin levels during the 3-h oral glucose tolerance test were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) after the 28 days of DHEA (1126 +/- 165 vs. 746 +/- 165 pmol/L) and were accompanied by a 50% increase in the integrated insulin response (P less than 0.01) without a significant change in fasting glucose insulin or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)