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A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

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Published on: July 16, 2015

Ongoing task delays affect prospective memory more powerfully than filler task delays.

Benjamin A Martin1, Noelle L Brown, Jason L Hicks

  • 1Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.

Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology = Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Experimentale
|March 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Prospective memory (PM) performance can be affected by delays. While longer delays in ongoing tasks decrease PM, longer filler tasks between intention and task may slightly improve prospective memory.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Memory

Background:

  • Prospective memory (PM) research shows mixed effects of delay on recall.
  • Traditionally, increasing delay between intention formation and cue presentation decreases PM performance.
  • Some studies suggest delays may enhance PM through spontaneous rehearsal or reminders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differential effects of two types of delays on prospective memory.
  • To examine how delays within an ongoing task versus delays between intention and task initiation impact PM retrieval.

Main Methods:

  • Participants completed tasks with varying durations of a filler task and an ongoing task.
  • Two factors were manipulated between-subjects: filler task duration and ongoing task delay before the first PM cue.
  • Delays tested were 6, 21, and 36 minutes.

Main Results:

  • Increasing the delay within the ongoing task led to decreased prospective memory performance.
  • Increasing the duration of the filler task nominally increased prospective memory performance.
  • The effects of delay on PM appear dependent on the specific timing and nature of the delay interval.

Conclusions:

  • Delays embedded within an ongoing task negatively impact PM, consistent with retrospective memory findings.
  • Delays between intention formation and the start of the ongoing task may have complex or non-linear effects on PM.
  • The findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between different types of delays in prospective memory research.