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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Sterile Pericarditis in Aachener Minipigs As a Model for Atrial Myopathy and Atrial Fibrillation

Sterile Pericarditis in Aachener Minipigs As a Model for Atrial Myopathy and Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: September 24, 2021

Protamine 2 precursors and processing.

Sara de Mateo¹, Liliana Ramos, Peter de Boer

¹Human Genetics Research Group, IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Protein and Peptide Letters

|March 30, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Protamine 2 (P2) precursor protein (pre-P2) processing is crucial for sperm function. This study reveals significant variation in pre-P2 abundance within individual human sperm cells.

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Published on: November 26, 2013

Area of Science:

Reproductive biology
Molecular and cell biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Protamine 2 (P2) is essential for sperm DNA packaging, synthesized as a precursor (pre-P2).
Abnormal P2 processing is linked to male infertility, with increased precursor forms detected in infertile patients.
While precursor proteins exist in normal sperm, their individual cell variation is unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current knowledge on protamine 2 precursors and their processing.
To investigate the variation of pre-P2 abundance in individual human sperm cells.

Main Methods:

Mini-review of existing literature on P2 and pre-P2.
Immunofluorescence to detect and quantify pre-P2 in individual sperm cells.

Main Results:

Confirmed the existence of pre-P2 in human sperm.
Demonstrated significant, marked variation in pre-P2 presence and abundance among individual sperm cells.

Conclusions:

Pre-P2 variation in individual sperm cells is a notable biological phenomenon.
Understanding pre-P2 dynamics is important for reproductive health and fertility research.