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Microalbuminuria in the paediatric age: current knowledge and emerging questions
Costas Tsioufis1, Anastasia Mazaraki, Kyriakos Dimitriadis
1First Cardiology Clinic, University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece. ktsioufis@hippocratio.gr
Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
|March 30, 2011
Summary
Microalbuminuria (MA) is more common in girls than boys and increases with age in children. Early detection and intervention are crucial, especially in diabetic youth, to manage cardiovascular risks.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Cardiovascular Risk Assessment
- Metabolic Disorders
Background:
- Microalbuminuria (MA) prevalence varies between genders and age groups in children and adolescents.
- MA is associated with pubertal development in non-diabetic individuals.
- Key determinants of early-life albuminuria include glucose metabolism, obesity, and hemodynamic factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the current understanding of microalbuminuria in pediatric populations.
- To highlight the significance of MA in the context of diabetes and cardiovascular risk in youth.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing data on microalbuminuria prevalence and determinants in children and adolescents.
- Analysis of the association between MA, pubertal development, and metabolic factors.
- Evaluation of MA as a screening tool for diabetic kidney disease.
Main Results:
- Estimated MA prevalence: 5.7-7.3% in boys, 12.7-15.1% in girls.
- Higher MA prevalence in younger age groups.
- Positive association between albumin excretion rate and pubertal stage in non-diabetics.
- Glucose metabolism, obesity, and hemodynamic load are major determinants of MA.
Conclusions:
- The role of MA in pediatric essential hypertension requires further investigation.
- MA is established as significant in diabetic children and adolescents.
- Albuminuria assessment serves as a screening test for diabetic kidney disease in youth.
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