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Type 1 diabetes and perinatal factors in Catalonia (Spain)

V Borras1, A Freitas, C Castell

  • 1Pediatrics Service, Hospital General de Granollers, Barcelona, Spain Department of Health, Autonomous Government of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.

Pediatric Diabetes
|March 30, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Being born large for gestational age (LGA) significantly increases the risk of developing type 1 diabetes. This perinatal factor is the primary identified risk for childhood diabetes in the study.

Area of Science:

  • Perinatal epidemiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pediatric diabetes research

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a significant childhood autoimmune disease.
  • Identifying perinatal risk factors for T1D is crucial for early intervention strategies.
  • Previous research has explored various perinatal influences on T1D development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate perinatal risk factors associated with the development of type 1 diabetes in infants.
  • To determine if birth weight classification is a significant predictor of T1D onset.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case-control study utilizing regional diabetes and newborn screening registers.
  • Analysis of 1530 infants (306 T1D cases, 1224 controls).
  • Variables included birth weight (classified as small, appropriate, or large for gestational age - LGA), sex, maternal age, and feeding type.

Main Results:

  • Infants born large for gestational age (LGA) showed a significantly higher prevalence among type 1 diabetes cases (16.3%) compared to controls (11.3%).
  • Children born LGA had a 1.45 times greater risk of developing type 1 diabetes compared to those with normal or low birth weight.
  • No other studied perinatal factors demonstrated a significant association with T1D development.

Conclusions:

  • Being born large for gestational age (LGA) is a significant, independent perinatal risk factor for developing type 1 diabetes.
  • This finding highlights the importance of monitoring birth weight in the context of T1D risk assessment.
  • Further research may explore the biological mechanisms linking LGA to T1D pathogenesis.
Abstract

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