[The HLA system antigens in rheumatism]

Area of Science:

• Immunogenetics
• Rheumatology
• Cardiovascular Diseases

Background:

• Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a significant global health concern.
• The role of genetic factors, particularly Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) antigens, in RHD susceptibility is under investigation.
• Previous studies suggest associations between HLA antigens and autoimmune conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine the distribution of class I and II HLA antigens in Georgian patients diagnosed with rheumatic heart disease.
• To identify specific HLA antigen profiles associated with an increased risk of developing RHD in this population.

Main Methods:

• A case-control study involving 51 Georgian patients with RHD.
• Analysis of the distribution patterns of class I and II HLA antigens in the patient cohort.
• Comparison of HLA antigen frequencies between RHD patients and a control group.

Main Results:

• Statistically significant differences in the distribution of HLA-AI, Aw19, and Bw22 antigens were observed between RHD patients and controls.
• The relative risk ratios for these antigens were calculated as 2.94 (HLA-AI), 3.82 (Aw19), and 4.40 (Bw22).

Conclusions:

• The findings suggest a genetic predisposition to rheumatic heart disease in the Georgian population, linked to specific HLA antigen profiles.
• HLA-AI, Aw19, and Bw22 may serve as potential genetic markers for RHD susceptibility.
• Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying this association.