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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Yellow Fever01:18

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted primarily by Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America. After transmission through a mosquito bite, the virus initially replicates in skin-resident immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. These cells then migrate to the lymph nodes, where viral replication increases, eventually leading to...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
10:28

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

Hepatitis E virus infection in developed countries.

Tatsuo Miyamura1

  • 1National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. tmiyam@nih.go.jp

Virus Research
|March 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis E is now recognized as more common in developed nations than previously believed, primarily through foodborne transmission. Advances in diagnostic testing reveal its increased prevalence, even suggesting bloodborne routes may play a role.

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A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
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Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells
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Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis E was historically considered endemic to developing regions with poor sanitation, often linked to waterborne outbreaks.
  • In developed countries, Hepatitis E was typically associated with travel or imported cases.
  • Traditional understanding underestimated the prevalence of Hepatitis E in industrialized nations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the prevalence and transmission routes of Hepatitis E in developed countries.
  • To highlight the impact of advanced diagnostic techniques on understanding Hepatitis E epidemiology.
  • To underscore the significance of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in global health.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for accurate Hepatitis E detection.
  • Employed gene-based diagnostic assays for enhanced sensitivity.
  • Applied molecular epidemiology to trace transmission patterns.

Main Results:

  • Autochthonous (locally acquired) Hepatitis E is more prevalent in developed countries than previously recognized.
  • Foodborne transmission is identified as the primary route, with potential bloodborne transmission routes also suggested.
  • Modern molecular diagnostics have revealed the true significance of Hepatitis E virus infection.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatitis E is an emerging public health concern in developed countries.
  • Accurate diagnostics are crucial for identifying and managing Hepatitis E cases.
  • Further research into transmission, including potential bloodborne routes, is warranted.