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Related Concept Videos

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology01:10

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology

Atelectasis develops when alveoli lose their air and collapse inward. Because lung tissue is naturally elastic, these air sacs shrink rather than remaining open. Collapsed alveoli are no longer ventilated, reducing their role in gas exchange. Blood flow may continue in these regions, creating a ventilation–perfusion mismatch. Clinical findings include decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, reduced chest expansion, and decreased tactile fremitus as sound transmission through collapsed...
The Arch of Aorta01:10

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Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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The Aorta01:14

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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring of Aortic and Pulmonary Artery Hemodynamics in a Large Animal Model of ARDS
08:12

Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring of Aortic and Pulmonary Artery Hemodynamics in a Large Animal Model of ARDS

Published on: November 26, 2018

Aortopulmonary window.

Michael E Barnes1, Michael E Mitchell, James S Tweddell

  • 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Herma Heart Center at the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, USA.

Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Annual
|March 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aortopulmonary window is a rare congenital heart defect. Early repair offers excellent outcomes, but associated conditions like interrupted aortic arch can impact survival and require long-term monitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Congenital Heart Defects

Background:

  • Aortopulmonary window (APW) is a rare congenital heart defect resulting from incomplete fusion of conotruncal ridges.
  • It can occur in isolation or be associated with other cardiac anomalies, most commonly aortic arch abnormalities.
  • Antenatal diagnosis of APW is infrequent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of aortopulmonary window.
  • To discuss the impact of associated lesions on patient outcomes.
  • To highlight the importance of long-term follow-up after surgical repair.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of aortopulmonary window cases.
  • Analysis of associated cardiac abnormalities and their prevalence.
  • Evaluation of surgical repair outcomes and long-term follow-up data.

Main Results:

  • Simple APW repair has near-zero early mortality in the current era.
  • Associated lesions, particularly interrupted aortic arch, significantly influence early mortality.
  • Common morbidities include pulmonary artery stenosis and residual defects; long-term surveillance for recurrent stenosis is crucial.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical repair of isolated aortopulmonary window yields excellent long-term outcomes.
  • The presence of associated cardiac defects is a key determinant of prognosis.
  • Lifelong monitoring is essential to detect and manage potential late complications such as branch pulmonary artery stenosis and arch obstruction.