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Related Concept Videos

The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Aging01:26

Aging

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...

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Related Experiment Videos

Dynapenia and aging: an update.

Todd M Manini1, Brian C Clark

  • 1Institute on Aging and Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. tmanini@aging.ufl.edu

The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
|March 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Age-related muscle weakness, termed dynapenia, is distinct from muscle mass loss (sarcopenia). This review synthesizes dynapenia research and proposes a screening algorithm to understand its role in physical disability.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Physiology
  • Biomedical Science

Background:

  • Age-related decline in muscle strength (dynapenia) is not solely due to muscle mass loss (sarcopenia).
  • Previous work proposed defining dynapenia separately from sarcopenia.
  • Dynapenia is a key factor in age-related physical disability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated synthesis of the biological and clinical literature on dynapenia.
  • To propose a working clinical decision algorithm for defining dynapenia.
  • To highlight the importance of dynapenia in understanding physical disability in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of dynapenia research.
  • Development of a proposed screening and definition algorithm for dynapenia.
  • Algorithm incorporates age, risk factors, grip strength, and knee extension strength.

Main Results:

  • Dynapenia is a distinct physiological condition characterized by loss of muscle strength and power.
  • A proposed algorithm aims to standardize dynapenia screening and definition.
  • The algorithm requires further development and validation.

Conclusions:

  • Dynapenia is a critical, under-recognized component of aging.
  • Standardized definition and screening of dynapenia are needed.
  • Understanding dynapenia will improve risk profiling for physical disability in older adults.