Related Concept Videos
01:31Translation
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
01:31Translation
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
01:35Mutations
Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
01:39Mutations
Overview
02:23Abnormal Proliferation
Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
01:27Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
Phase II biotransformation reactions are essential for detoxifying and eliminating xenobiotics, including many pharmaceutical compounds. These reactions typically involve conjugation, the covalent attachment of polar endogenous groups such as glucuronic acid, sulfate, methyl, or acetyl moieties to functional groups introduced during Phase I metabolism. The resulting conjugates are more water-soluble, enabling efficient renal or biliary excretion.The major classes of Phase II enzymes include...
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Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 3, 2026
11:15
Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors
Published on: September 20, 2016
DNMT3A mutations in acute myeloid leukemia.
Mrinal Y Shah1, Jonathan D Licht
1Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Nature Genetics
|March 30, 2011
Summary
Somatic mutations in DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) occur in 20% of acute myeloid leukemia patients. Further research is needed to link these DNMT3A mutations to epigenetic alterations and disease development.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Epigenetics
- Cancer Biology
Background:
- Somatic mutations in DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) are identified in 20% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases.
- These mutations suggest a potential role for DNMT3A in AML pathogenesis.
Discussion:
- While gene expression and DNA methylation alterations are observed in these leukemias, the direct impact of mutant DNMT3A is not fully understood.
- Establishing a clear connection between DNMT3A mutations, epigenetic dysregulation, and AML development is crucial.
Key Insights:
- Identified frequent somatic mutations in DNMT3A in acute myeloid leukemia.
- Highlighted the need to investigate the functional consequences of DNMT3A mutations in AML.
Outlook:
- Future studies should focus on elucidating the precise mechanisms by which mutant DNMT3A drives epigenetic changes and contributes to AML.
- Understanding this link may reveal novel therapeutic targets for AML treatment.