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Related Concept Videos

Classification of Bones01:18

Classification of Bones

The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The long...
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...
Ranks01:02

Ranks

Unlike parametric methods, nonparametric statistics are ideal for nominal and ordinal data, requiring fewer assumptions about the population's nature or distribution. This makes nonparametric methods easier to apply and interpret, as they do not depend on parameters like mean or standard deviation. One common approach in nonparametric analysis is to sort data according to a specific criterion. For instance, we might arrange weather data from hottest to coldest days in a month or rank cities...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...
Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue01:23

Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue

Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
Bone Matrix
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a connective tissue that has a large amount of two different types of matrix material. The organic matrix is similar to the matrix material found in other connective tissues, including some amount of collagen and elastic fibers. This gives strength and flexibility to the tissue. The inorganic matrix consists of mineral salts— mostly calcium salts— that give the...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation
09:37

A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation

Published on: March 15, 2018

RANKL/RANK-beyond bones.

Reiko Hanada1, Toshikatsu Hanada, Verena Sigl

  • 1IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria. Reiko.Hanada@imba.oeaw.ac.at

Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin, Germany)
|March 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The RANKL/RANK signaling pathway regulates bone remodeling, cancer metastasis, and hormone-driven breast cancer. This system also plays a key role in body temperature control, offering potential therapeutic targets for various diseases.

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation
09:37

A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation

Published on: March 15, 2018

Drug Treatment and In Vivo Imaging of Osteoblast-Osteoclast Interactions in a Medaka Fish Osteoporosis Model
08:53

Drug Treatment and In Vivo Imaging of Osteoblast-Osteoclast Interactions in a Medaka Fish Osteoporosis Model

Published on: January 1, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The receptor-activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and its receptor RANK are crucial for bone remodeling, immune cell development, and mammary gland function.
  • Emerging evidence highlights the involvement of the RANKL/RANK system in cancer, particularly in bone metastasis and hormone-driven breast cancer.
  • The RANKL/RANK pathway is also expressed in the central nervous system, where it influences thermoregulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of the RANKL/RANK signaling axis.
  • To explore its involvement in mammary gland development, cancer metastasis, and hormone-dependent breast cancer.
  • To summarize its function in thermal regulation and discuss its therapeutic potential.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating the RANKL/RANK pathway.
  • Analysis of data on RANKL/RANK's role in physiological processes and disease.
  • Synthesis of findings related to molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.

Main Results:

  • RANKL/RANK is essential for bone remodeling, lymph node formation, and mammary gland development.
  • The pathway is implicated in the development and metastasis of breast cancer, including hormone-driven types.
  • RANKL/RANK signaling in the brain regulates body temperature via the COX2-PGE(2)/EP3R pathway.
  • Genetic deletion of RANK in specific brain cells affects basal body temperature in female mice.

Conclusions:

  • The RANKL/RANK signaling axis has diverse physiological and pathological roles.
  • Targeting RANKL/RANK presents a promising therapeutic strategy for breast cancer and potentially other diseases.
  • Further research into the RANKL/RANK system's functions in cancer and thermoregulation is warranted.