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Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
26:48

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Published on: July 4, 2007

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: a long-term prospective study and meta-analysis.

P Pavone1, M Pettoello-Mantovano, A Le Pira

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy.

Neuropediatrics
|March 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in children is typically benign, affecting more boys than girls. This condition rarely recurs, with most pediatric cases showing good outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Neuroimmunology
  • Demyelinating Diseases

Background:

  • Limited literature exists on acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in pediatric populations.
  • Understanding ADEM's characteristics and outcomes in children is crucial for diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a prospective clinical and imaging study of pediatric ADEM.
  • To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of published pediatric ADEM cohorts.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 17 children with ADEM (1992-2009).
  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 published pediatric ADEM cohorts (750 cases).

Main Results:

  • Pediatric ADEM incidence is 1.1 per 100,000 person-years (children <10).
  • Compared to prior cohorts, ADEM in this study presented younger (mean 3.6 years), had a higher male-to-female ratio (1.4), and a higher rate of preceding triggers (88%).
  • Most patients (94%) had good outcomes, with a lower relapse rate (12%) than previously reported.

Conclusions:

  • Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in children is generally a benign neurological condition.
  • ADEM predominantly affects boys and has a low recurrence rate.
  • Early identification and management contribute to favorable outcomes in pediatric ADEM.