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Related Concept Videos

Motor Unit Stimulation01:20

Motor Unit Stimulation

When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Determining The Electromyographic Fatigue Threshold Following a Single Visit Exercise Test
06:00

Determining The Electromyographic Fatigue Threshold Following a Single Visit Exercise Test

Published on: July 27, 2015

Pushing and pulling, technique and load effects: an electromyographical study.

A I Bennett1, A I Todd, S D Desai

  • 1Department of Human Kinetics and Ergonomics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.

Work (Reading, Mass.)
|March 31, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study examined muscle activation during pushing and pulling tasks. Different techniques and loads significantly impacted upper body muscles, suggesting technique variation may reduce fatigue and injury risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Occupational Health
  • Ergonomics

Background:

  • Manual handling, including lifting, poses significant physical risks.
  • Redesigned tasks often incorporate manual handling devices, increasing pushing and pulling.
  • Limited research exists on muscle activity during pushing and pulling tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate muscle activation responses during pushing and pulling.
  • To enhance understanding of injury risk associated with these activities.
  • To inform the development of effective ergonomics intervention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • A laboratory study assessed muscle activation in nine upper and lower body muscles.
  • Three distinct push/pull techniques and two load levels (250 kg and 500 kg) were evaluated.
  • Unloaded walking served as a control for lower limb muscle activation analysis.

Main Results:

  • Shoulder and upper extremity muscles showed greater responses to technique and load variations compared to lower limb muscles.
  • High levels of erector spinae activation were consistently observed across all experimental conditions.
  • Each push/pull technique resulted in a unique muscle activation pattern.

Conclusions:

  • Alternating between different push/pull techniques may help mitigate early-onset muscle fatigue.
  • Further research into muscle activation during pushing and pulling is crucial for injury prevention.
  • Understanding these biomechanical responses can guide safer manual handling practices.