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Related Concept Videos

Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Assessment and Communication for People with Disorders of Consciousness
07:37

Assessment and Communication for People with Disorders of Consciousness

Published on: August 1, 2017

How to assess ictal consciousness?

Mirja Johanson1, Katja Valli, Antti Revonsuo

  • 1Neurological Rehabilitation Clinic, Stora Sköndal Foundation, Sköndal, Sweden. mirjajohansson@bredband.net

Behavioural Neurology
|March 31, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a two-dimensional model for understanding consciousness, crucial for epilepsy research. This framework aids in describing seizure-induced changes in consciousness, integrating neuroimaging and first-person accounts.

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Published on: April 11, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Epileptology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Consciousness is central to epileptology but difficult to define scientifically.
  • Seizure-induced alterations in consciousness require a robust analytical framework.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a two-dimensional model of consciousness (level and content).
  • To apply this model to describe alterations of consciousness during epileptic seizures.
  • To review methods for studying subjective experiences during seizures.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a two-dimensional consciousness model.
  • Analysis of neuroimaging and electrophysiological data.
  • Review of introspective and novel methods for epilepsy research.
  • Phenomenological studies of first-person seizure experiences.

Main Results:

  • The two-dimensional model effectively describes seizure-induced alterations in consciousness.
  • The model is supported by neuroimaging, electrophysiological, and phenomenological findings.
  • Various methods, traditional and novel, provide insights into subjective seizure experiences.

Conclusions:

  • A two-dimensional model offers a tractable approach to studying consciousness in epilepsy.
  • Integrating objective and subjective data enhances understanding of seizure phenomena.
  • Further research should utilize and refine these methods to explore consciousness during seizures.