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Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.

Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline Personality Disorder is a complex and multifaceted mental health condition characterized by pervasive instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, emotions, and impulse control. This instability manifests in extreme emotional reactions, fear of abandonment, and self-destructive behaviors. The disorder significantly impacts daily functioning, often leading to distress in both personal and professional domains.
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Panic Disorder

Panic Disorder

Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

Published on: May 2, 2025

Bipolar disorder presenting as stalking--a case report.

Valeria Savoja¹, Gabriele Sani, Giorgio D Kotzalidis

¹NESMOS Department (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Functions) Sapienza University - Rome, 2nd Medical School, Sant'Andrea Hospital, UOC Psychiatry, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Rome, Italy. valeria.savoja@gmail.com

Psychiatria Danubina

|March 31, 2011

Summary

Psychiatric disorders, like bipolar I, can manifest as stalking behavior. Effective treatment involves medication and psychotherapy to address underlying psychological factors and prevent recurrence.

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

Published on: May 2, 2025

Area of Science:

Psychiatry
Psychology

Background:

Stalking behavior may stem from psychological development and cultural influences.
While psychiatric disorders can underlie stalking, their direct relationship with its expression is under-reported.

Observation:

A case report details a 22-year-old woman diagnosed with bipolar I disorder (manic phase) and personality disorder, not otherwise specified.
She exhibited stalking behavior towards her gynecologist, leading to legal action.
Treatment included lithium, valproate, and cognitive-behavioral therapy focused on attachment.

Findings:

The patient's stalking behavior ceased following pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions.
This case suggests a link between exacerbations of psychiatric episodes and the onset of stalking.

Implications:

Pharmacological treatment can manage the overt expression of stalking behavior.
Long-term psychotherapy addressing attachment issues is crucial for underlying ideation and affect.