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Related Concept Videos

Structures of the Endocrine System00:59

Structures of the Endocrine System

The intricate framework of the endocrine system encompasses a diverse array of glands, with their target tissues and organs strategically distributed throughout the body. Central to this network are the endocrine glands, specialized structures that lack ducts and release hormones directly into the interstitial fluid. Notably, the hypothalamus, a vital neuroendocrine organ situated in the brain, governs neural functions and serves as a potent source of hormonal regulation. Near the hypothalamus...
The Endocrine System01:29

The Endocrine System

The endocrine system is an extensive network of glands – organs or tissues in the body that create chemicals that control many bodily functions, that secrete hormones, which are chemical messengers that play essential roles in regulating various bodily functions. These hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and travel throughout the body. They require specific receptors to convey signals to cells possessing these corresponding receptors. This complex signaling mechanism ensures that every...
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
What is the Endocrine System?00:46

What is the Endocrine System?

The endocrine system sends hormones—chemical signals—through the bloodstream to target cells—the cells the hormones selectively affect. These signals are produced in endocrine cells, secreted into the extracellular fluid, and then diffuse into the blood. Eventually, they diffuse out of the blood and bind to target cells which have specialized receptors to recognize the hormones.
An Overview of the Endocrine System01:10

An Overview of the Endocrine System

The endocrine system, a complex network of glands, orchestrates physiological balance within the body through the production and secretion of hormones. These hormones are chemical messengers in intercellular communication, acting as conduits between the secretory cells and distant target sites. They traverse the circulatory system by being released into the extracellular fluid, and their impact is specific to cells possessing receptors for a particular hormone.
The endocrine system collaborates...

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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Lineage Tracing of Inducible Fluorescently-Labeled Stem Cells in the Adult Mouse Brain
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Lineage Tracing of Inducible Fluorescently-Labeled Stem Cells in the Adult Mouse Brain

Published on: May 20, 2022

Telomerase and the endocrine system.

Furio Pacini1, Silvia Cantara, Marco Capezzone

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology & Metabolism and Biochemistry, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy. pacini8@unisi.it

Nature Reviews. Endocrinology
|March 31, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Telomere shortening limits cell lifespan, but its reactivation by telomerase can enable cancer cell immortalization. This process is common in human cancers, including endocrine tumors.

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Telomerase Activity in the Various Regions of Mouse Brain: Non-Radioactive Telomerase Repeat Amplification Protocol (TRAP) Assay
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Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Genetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Telomeres protect chromosome ends and are maintained by telomerase.
  • Telomere shortening limits cell division (senescence) and prevents cancer.
  • Telomerase activation can lead to cell immortalization and malignant transformation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the dual role of telomeres and telomerase in cellular aging and cancer development.
  • To highlight the significance of telomerase reactivation in human cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on telomere biology and cancer genetics.
  • Analysis of telomere length and telomerase activity in various cancer types.

Main Results:

  • Telomere erosion acts as a tumor suppressor mechanism.
  • Paradoxically, telomerase reactivation in short telomeres can drive tumorigenesis.
  • Telomerase reactivation is a hallmark of most human cancers, including endocrine malignancies.

Conclusions:

  • Telomere maintenance is crucial for chromosomal stability and cancer prevention.
  • Targeting telomerase may offer therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
  • Understanding telomere dynamics is key to unraveling cancer progression.