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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction

Published on: March 25, 2022

[Biliary diseases - new insights and developments].

T J Weismüller¹, T O Lankisch

¹Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover. Weismueller.Tobias@mh-hannover.de

Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)

|March 31, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

New insights in biliary tract disorders show balloon dilation as an effective alternative for large bile duct stones. Early surgery and bile analysis aid management, while new therapies emerge for primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis.

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction

Published on: March 25, 2022

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Biliary Tract Disorders
Cholangiocarcinoma Management

Context:

Biliary tract disorders encompass a range of conditions affecting bile ducts and gallbladder.
Management strategies for choledocholithiasis and cholangitis are evolving.
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) present unique challenges in patient care and treatment.

Purpose:

To review recent advancements and clinical insights in the diagnosis and management of various biliary tract disorders.
To highlight novel therapeutic approaches and diagnostic tools for conditions like gallstones, cholangitis, PBC, and PSC.
To discuss prognostic factors and treatment options for advanced cholangiocarcinoma.

Summary:

Endoscopic sphincterotomy followed by balloon dilation is effective for large bile duct stones, with biliary stenting reducing stone burden.
Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy may prevent complications, and bile sample analysis aids cholangitis diagnosis.
Fatigue is a mortality risk in PBC, fenofibrate shows promise for non-responders to UDCA.
PSC incidence is rising, particularly in Scandinavia; inflammatory bowel disease increases cancer risk and decreases survival in PSC patients.
Bilateral stenting and gemcitabine/cisplatin combination therapy improve outcomes in advanced cholangiocarcinoma.

Impact:

Improved patient outcomes through minimally invasive procedures and targeted therapies for biliary diseases.
Enhanced diagnostic capabilities for cholangitis, leading to more effective treatment strategies.
Better understanding of risk factors and potential new treatments for PBC and PSC, including osteoporosis risks.
Advancements in managing advanced cholangiocarcinoma, offering better prognosis and treatment options.