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Related Concept Videos

Reproductive Cloning01:27

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...
Reproductive Cloning01:27

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...
Cloning of Dolly the Sheep01:08

Cloning of Dolly the Sheep

The first successfully cloned mammal was Dolly, a sheep, born on 5th July 1996 at Roslin Institute, Scotland. The cloned sheep was named after the American singer Dolly Parton. Dolly lived for seven years and died of respiratory complications, which is speculated to be due to the actual age of her DNA. Because the DNA in cloned cells belongs to an older individual,  the cloned individual’s life expectancy may be affected. Indeed, analysis of Dolly’s DNA revealed shorter telomeres than other...
Upstream Processing01:27

Upstream Processing

Upstream processing represents a critical phase in biomanufacturing, wherein biological systems such as microorganisms, mammalian cells, or insect cells are cultivated to produce therapeutic proteins, vaccines, enzymes, or other biologically derived products. This phase encompasses all steps from the selection and genetic manipulation of the production organism to the cultivation of cells in bioreactors under tightly controlled environmental conditions.Host Selection and Genetic OptimizationThe...
Bioreactor Controls-III01:22

Bioreactor Controls-III

Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...
Methods of Medium Optimization01:28

Methods of Medium Optimization

Optimizing growth media enhances microbial proliferation and maximizes product yield. Statistical experimental design methodologies provide structured and reproducible approaches, offering progressively higher levels of robustness and efficiency.The One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) MethodThe One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) method involves adjusting a single variable while keeping all others constant. However, it cannot detect interactions between variables, often leading to suboptimal outcomes when...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A High-throughput Automated Platform for the Development of Manufacturing Cell Lines for Protein Therapeutics
07:48

A High-throughput Automated Platform for the Development of Manufacturing Cell Lines for Protein Therapeutics

Published on: September 22, 2011

A strategy for clone selection under different production conditions.

Rachel Legmann1, Brian Benoit, Ronald W Fedechko

  • 1Seahorse Bioscience Inc, 16 Esquire Road, Billerica, MA 01862, USA. rlegmann@seahorsebio.com

Biotechnology Progress
|March 31, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Screening multiple clones using micro-bioreactors identifies optimal production candidates and process conditions. This high-throughput method accurately predicts manufacturing success, improving clone selection for recombinant monoclonal antibody production.

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

A High-throughput Automated Platform for the Development of Manufacturing Cell Lines for Protein Therapeutics
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Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms
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Functional Cloning Using a Xenopus Oocyte Expression System
09:40

Functional Cloning Using a Xenopus Oocyte Expression System

Published on: January 30, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Bioprocess Engineering
  • Cell Line Development

Background:

  • Traditional clone screening methods often fail to identify top performers for manufacturing scale.
  • Robustness and critical process factors are difficult to assess with conventional approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate micro-bioreactor systems as a high-throughput tool for clone screening and process optimization.
  • To assess the dynamic ranking strategy for selecting optimal clones and conditions for recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) production.

Main Methods:

  • Screened eight Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) clones producing recombinant mAb using 240 micro-bioreactors across multiple process variations (feeding, temperature, pH).
  • Conducted a follow-up study with 180 micro-bioreactors in a full factorial design, comparing 12 clone/process combinations in shake flasks.
  • Utilized a fully monitored and controlled small-scale platform for parallel experimentation.

Main Results:

  • Successfully identified the best and worst performing clones and processes based on maximum mAb titer.
  • Demonstrated good correlation (Pearson correlation value of 0.94) between micro-bioreactor predictions and shake flask results.
  • Achieved simultaneous clone screening and process optimization, leading to significant titer improvements.

Conclusions:

  • Micro-bioreactor systems are effective high-throughput tools for clone evaluation and process optimization in biopharmaceutical development.
  • The dynamic ranking strategy supports informed decisions for selecting production clones, mitigating risks associated with manufacturing scale-up.
  • This approach enhances the efficiency and accuracy of identifying high-performing clones and optimizing bioprocesses for increased mAb titers.