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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added together...
Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
Logarithmic Differentiation01:28

Logarithmic Differentiation

When a car’s weight and driving forces act on a tire, they impose an external load on the rubber material. This load is resisted internally by forces distributed throughout the tire structure, which are defined as stress. The resulting deformation of the rubber due to this stress is quantified as strain. The relationship between stress and strain governs how the tire deforms under load and is central to understanding its mechanical response during operation.Rubber exhibits a nonlinear...
Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts01:20

Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts

When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...
Generalized Hooke's Law01:22

Generalized Hooke's Law

The generalized Hooke's Law is a broadened version of Hooke's Law, which extends to all types of stress and in every direction. Consider an isotropic material shaped into a cube subjected to multiaxial loading. In this scenario, normal stresses are exerted along the three coordinate axes. As a result of these stresses, the cubic shape deforms into a rectangular parallelepiped. Despite this deformation, the new shape maintains equal sides, and there is a normal strain in the direction of the...

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A parameter optimization method to determine ski stiffness properties from ski deformation data.

Dieter Heinrich1, Martin Mössner, Peter Kaps

  • 1Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.

Journal of Applied Biomechanics
|April 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a new computational method to determine ski stiffness properties. The optimization technique accurately predicts bending and torsional stiffness based on desired ski deformation for improved carved turns.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Engineering
  • Biomechanics
  • Computational Mechanics

Background:

  • Carved turns in alpine skiing depend heavily on ski deformation and snow contact pressure.
  • Understanding the relationship between ski stiffness and deformation is crucial for performance optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate an optimization method for determining ski bending and torsional stiffness.
  • The method aims to achieve specific ski bending and torsional deflections.

Main Methods:

  • Applied Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and classical torsion theory to model ski deformation.
  • Approximated bending and torsional stiffness using B-splines.
  • Solved the parameter optimization problem using multiple shooting and least squares data fitting.

Main Results:

  • Successfully developed and evaluated a computational method for ski stiffness calculation.
  • The method accurately reproduced original ski stiffness data with a root mean square error below 1 N m2.
  • Validated using data from a prior ski simulation study.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed computational method enables the calculation of ski stiffness properties.
  • This allows engineers to design skis with specific deformation characteristics for enhanced performance.
  • Offers a valuable tool for optimizing alpine ski design.