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Related Concept Videos

Transcription01:10

Transcription

155.9K
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
155.9K
Reliability and Validity01:29

Reliability and Validity

13.8K
Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
13.8K
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

82.3K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
82.3K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

7.7K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
7.7K
Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

10.9K
Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
10.9K
Eukaryotic Transcription Activators02:42

Eukaryotic Transcription Activators

12.6K
Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
The binding domains are capable of recognizing and interacting with regulatory sequences on the DNA. These...
12.6K

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Validating transcripts with probes and imaging technology.

Shalev Itzkovitz1, Alexander van Oudenaarden

  • 1Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Nature Methods
|April 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) methods enable precise spatial gene expression analysis. These advances allow for the absolute quantification of transcript abundance in single cells with single-molecule resolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • High-throughput gene expression screens offer average expression data but lack spatial resolution.
  • Analyzing spatial gene expression at the single-cell level necessitates quantitative in situ measurement techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe technological advancements in RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
  • To enable the detection and quantification of individual mRNA molecules within cells.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing advanced probe design for RNA detection.
  • Implementing improved imaging technologies for high-resolution visualization.
  • Employing sophisticated image processing algorithms for accurate analysis.

Main Results:

  • Facilitation of the detection of individual fluorescently labeled mRNA molecules for virtually any endogenous gene.
  • Enabling the absolute measurement of transcript abundance in individual cells.
  • Achieving single-molecule resolution for gene expression analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Recent technological advances in RNA FISH provide unprecedented capabilities for spatial gene expression studies.
  • These methods allow for precise, quantitative analysis of gene expression at the single-cell and single-molecule level.
  • The described techniques significantly enhance the understanding of gene expression patterns in biological samples.