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Validating transcripts with probes and imaging technology
Shalev Itzkovitz1, Alexander van Oudenaarden
1Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Abstract:
High-throughput gene expression screens provide a quantitative picture of the average expression signature of biological samples. However, the analysis of spatial gene expression patterns with single-cell resolution requires quantitative in situ measurement techniques. Here we describe recent technological advances in RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques that facilitate detection of individual fluorescently labeled mRNA molecules of practically any endogenous gene. These methods, which are based on advances in probe design, imaging technology and image processing, enable the absolute measurement of transcript abundance in individual cells with single-molecule resolution.
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Transcription
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
Reliability and Validity
Transcription Factors
Master Transcription Regulators
Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
Eukaryotic Transcription Activators
The binding domains are capable of recognizing and interacting with regulatory sequences on the DNA. These...