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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...
Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control01:24

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
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Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
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¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
07:45

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

Published on: February 6, 2014

The dressed atom as binary phase modulator: towards attojoule/edge optical phase-shift keying.

Joseph Kerckhoff1, Michael A Armen, Dmitri S Pavlichin

  • 1Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA. jkerc@stanford.edu

Optics Express
|April 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary

We demonstrate single cesium-133 atoms inducing random binary phase modulation in a laser beam by absorbing single photons. This quantum effect, while difficult to control now, shows promise for future nanophotonic systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic physics
  • Quantum optics
  • Nanophotonics

Background:

  • Single atoms coupled to optical resonators offer unique quantum control possibilities.
  • Photon dissipation by atoms can induce phase modulation in light fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of a single atom for phase modulation of a laser beam.
  • To explore the potential for deterministic control in related solid-state systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a single cesium-133 (133Cs) atom strongly coupled to an optical resonator.
  • Inducing random binary phase modulation of a near infra-red laser beam (∼ 500 pW).
  • Observing phase modulation edges triggered by single photon dissipation (≈ 0.23 aJ) by the atom.

Main Results:

  • Successfully induced random binary phase modulation of a laser beam using a single atom.
  • Each modulation edge was caused by the dissipation of a single photon by the atom.
  • Current deterministic control is limited, but theoretical analysis is promising.

Conclusions:

  • Single atom-photon interactions can effectively modulate laser phase.
  • Nanophotonic systems offer a pathway for efficient external control of such phase modulation.
  • This work lays the groundwork for advanced quantum control in photonic devices.