Milk and soy allergy

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
• Gastroenterology
• Clinical Nutrition

Background:

• Cow's milk allergy (CMA) impacts 2-3% of young children, causing IgE and non-IgE-mediated syndromes with significant lifestyle and economic burdens.
• Soy allergy is often considered alongside CMA due to soy formula's role as a common alternative for infants with cow's milk intolerance.
• Understanding both allergies is crucial for effective diagnosis and management in pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of cow's milk allergy and soy allergy.
• To examine the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, natural history, and diagnostic approaches for both conditions.
• To discuss cross-reactivity between milk and soy, and outline management strategies for milk allergy.

Main Methods:

• Literature review synthesizing current research on cow's milk allergy and soy allergy.
• Analysis of epidemiological data, etiological factors, and clinical presentations.
• Review of diagnostic criteria and therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

• CMA and soy allergy exhibit varied clinical manifestations and epidemiological patterns.
• Cross-reactivity between cow's milk and soy can occur, complicating diagnosis and management.
• Early diagnosis and appropriate dietary management are key to improving outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Cow's milk allergy and soy allergy require careful consideration in pediatric populations due to their prevalence and impact.
• Further research into cross-reactivity and optimized management strategies is warranted.
• This review consolidates essential information for clinicians managing these common food allergies.