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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Acute and Chronic Tactile Sensory Testing after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

Acute and Chronic Tactile Sensory Testing after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

Published on: April 4, 2012

Testing haptic sensations for spinal anesthesia.

Zsuzsanna M Kulcsár¹, Erik Lövquist, Anthony P Fitzgerald

¹Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland. zsuzsanna.kulcsar@gmail.com

Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine

|April 2, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study recreated the tactile sensations of spinal anesthesia needle insertion for experts. Findings show the feasibility of using expert perceptions to design realistic medical simulators for anesthesia training.

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A Protocol of Manual Tests to Measure Sensation and Pain in Humans

A Protocol of Manual Tests to Measure Sensation and Pain in Humans

Published on: December 19, 2016

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Acute and Chronic Tactile Sensory Testing after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

Acute and Chronic Tactile Sensory Testing after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

Published on: April 4, 2012

A Protocol of Manual Tests to Measure Sensation and Pain in Humans

A Protocol of Manual Tests to Measure Sensation and Pain in Humans

Published on: December 19, 2016

Area of Science:

Medical simulation
Anesthesiology
Haptics

Background:

Spinal anesthesia training requires understanding tactile feedback during needle insertion.
Key determinants of teaching and learning spinal anesthesia were previously identified.
Characterizing haptic sensations is crucial for developing effective training tools.

Purpose of the Study:

To recreate and analyze the haptic sensations associated with spinal anesthesia needle insertion.
To match simulated tactile feedback with expert anesthesiologists' perceptions.
To assess the feasibility of an expert perception-based approach for medical simulator design.

Main Methods:

A haptic device (Phantom Desktop) simulated tactile elements of clinical events.
Twenty-four anesthesiologists assessed rendered sensations of needle insertion.
Sensations included touching surfaces, "pop" events, and tissue advancement.
Random effects modeling analyzed relationships between rendered sensations and expert perceptions.

Main Results:

Experts demonstrated specific haptic perceptions for most simulated sensations.
The coefficient of variation was below 0.50 for most sensations, except intrathecal space.
Significant within-rater variation was observed for bone surface, skin pop, dura pop, and subcutaneous tissue sensations.

Conclusions:

The study validates an expert perception-based approach for designing medical simulators.
This method allows for the creation of more realistic haptic feedback in training tools.
The findings support the development of advanced simulators for spinal anesthesia education.