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Related Concept Videos

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as a...
Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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CNS Stimulants: Psychedelic Agents01:22

CNS Stimulants: Psychedelic Agents

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Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents01:23

Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents

Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions01:17

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

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Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder
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Methylphenidate-induced mania-like symptoms.

Kaustav Chakraborty1, Sandeep Grover

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, 185/1, A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata - 700 017; India.

Indian Journal of Pharmacology
|April 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Methylphenidate can cause mania in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and mental retardation. Caution is advised when prescribing this medication for comorbid conditions.

Keywords:
Adverse drug effectMethylphenidateattention deficit hyperactivity disordermental retardationpsychosis/mania

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Area of Science:

  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Psychopharmacology

Background:

  • Methylphenidate is a common treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  • While known to cause psychosis or mania in a small subset of patients, its safety in comorbid ADHD and mental retardation is not well-documented.
  • Adverse effects typically resolve upon discontinuation of the medication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of mania-like symptoms in a child with comorbid ADHD and mental retardation treated with methylphenidate.
  • To highlight the need for caution when prescribing methylphenidate in this specific patient population.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of an 11-year-old girl with ADHD and mental retardation.
  • Description of methylphenidate treatment and subsequent development of mania-like symptoms.
  • Documentation of inpatient treatment and psychopharmacological intervention.

Main Results:

  • The patient developed mania-like symptoms requiring inpatient care.
  • Symptoms persisted for over 3 days, necessitating treatment with sodium valproate and olanzapine.
  • This indicates a potential for severe adverse effects in comorbid cases.

Conclusions:

  • Methylphenidate treatment requires careful consideration in patients with comorbid ADHD and mental retardation.
  • Healthcare providers should exercise caution and monitor closely for adverse psychiatric effects.
  • Further research is needed to establish safety guidelines for methylphenidate in this population.