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Related Concept Videos

Noble Gases02:54

Noble Gases


The elements in group 18 are noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon). They earned the name “noble” because they were assumed to be nonreactive since they have filled valence shells. In 1962, Dr. Neil Bartlett at the University of British Columbia proved this assumption to be false.
Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of HX to 1,3-Butadiene01:17

Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of HX to 1,3-Butadiene

The electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides such as HBr to alkenes and nonconjugated dienes gives a single product as per Markovnikov’s rule.
Electrophilic Addition of HX to 1,3-Butadiene: Thermodynamic vs Kinetic Control01:23

Electrophilic Addition of HX to 1,3-Butadiene: Thermodynamic vs Kinetic Control

The addition of a hydrogen halide to 1,3-butadiene gives a mixture of 1,2- and 1,4-adducts. Since more substituted alkenes are more stable, the 1,4-adduct is expected to be the major product. However, the product distribution is strongly influenced by temperature; low temperature favors the 1,2-adduct, whereas the 1,4-adduct is predominant at high temperature.
VSEPR Theory and the Effect of Lone Pairs04:01

VSEPR Theory and the Effect of Lone Pairs

Effect of Lone Pairs of Electrons on Molecule Geometry
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
Emission Spectra02:39

Emission Spectra

When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.

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Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications
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Published on: September 6, 2012

HXeOBr in a xenon matrix.

Leonid Khriachtchev1, Salla Tapio, Alexandra V Domanskaya

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014, Finland. leonid.khriachtchev@helsinki.fi

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|April 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Researchers synthesized a novel noble-gas molecule, xenon-hydrogen-oxide-bromide (HXeOBr), in a xenon matrix. This new molecule exhibits enhanced thermal stability and a distinct H-Xe stretching frequency compared to previously studied noble-gas compounds.

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Area of Science:

  • * Inorganic Chemistry
  • * Quantum Chemistry
  • * Spectroscopy

Background:

  • * Noble gas chemistry explores the synthesis and properties of compounds containing elements like xenon.
  • * Previous research has established the existence of noble gas hydrides, such as HXeOH, in low-temperature matrices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To synthesize and characterize a new noble-gas molecule, HXeOBr.
  • * To investigate the structural and vibrational properties of HXeOBr using spectroscopic and computational methods.
  • * To compare the thermal stability of HXeOBr with that of HXeOH.

Main Methods:

  • * Synthesis of HXeOBr in a low-temperature xenon matrix using hydrogen bromide (HBr) and nitrous oxide (N2O) precursors.
  • * Irradiation with UV light followed by thermal annealing to promote molecule formation.
  • * Deuteration experiments and ab initio calculations, including anharmonic methods, for structural assignment and vibrational analysis.

Main Results:

  • * Successful preparation and identification of the HXeOBr molecule.
  • * Observation of the H-Xe stretching frequency at 1634 cm(-1), a shift of 56 cm(-1) compared to HXeOH.
  • * Demonstrated higher thermal stability of HXeOBr in the xenon matrix relative to HXeOH.

Conclusions:

  • * The synthesis of HXeOBr represents a new advancement in noble gas chemistry.
  • * The observed spectral data and computational results confirm the structure of HXeOBr.
  • * HXeOBr exhibits greater thermal stability than HXeOH, suggesting potential for further exploration of complex noble gas compounds.