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Related Concept Videos

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been developed.
Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...

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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Rejection of Fluorescence Background in Resonance and Spontaneous Raman Microspectroscopy
15:04

Rejection of Fluorescence Background in Resonance and Spontaneous Raman Microspectroscopy

Published on: May 18, 2011

A high-power spatial filter for Thomson scattering stray light reduction.

J P Levesque1, K D Litzner, M E Mauel

  • 1Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|April 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new spatial filter enhances Thomson scattering diagnostics on the High Beta Tokamak-Extended Pulse (HBT-EP) by reducing stray laser light. This allows for accurate plasma measurements and calibration without major system modifications.

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

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Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Published on: November 21, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Fusion Energy Research
  • Optical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Thomson scattering is crucial for measuring electron temperature and density in fusion devices like the High Beta Tokamak-Extended Pulse (HBT-EP).
  • Existing systems face challenges with stray laser light, hindering accurate Rayleigh calibration.
  • Avalanche photodiodes and polychromators are standard components for scattered light detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design, test, and implement a cost-effective, high-power spatial filter for the HBT-EP Thomson scattering diagnostic.
  • To reduce stray laser light to enable accurate Rayleigh calibration.
  • To provide a detailed analysis of the spatial filter's design and performance.

Main Methods:

  • A novel spatial filter was designed and integrated into the laser beamline of the HBT-EP.
  • The filter utilizes a 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser pulse and a five-channel polychromator with avalanche photodiodes.
  • Performance was evaluated based on stray light reduction and suitability for Rayleigh calibration.

Main Results:

  • The spatial filter effectively reduced stray laser light to acceptable levels for accurate Rayleigh calibration.
  • The design allows for easy implementation in existing Thomson scattering systems without vacuum chamber disturbance.
  • While filter apertures experience damage, proper design ensures sufficient lifespan for calibration.

Conclusions:

  • The developed spatial filter is a practical and effective upgrade for Thomson scattering diagnostics.
  • It significantly improves the accuracy of plasma electron temperature and density measurements.
  • This advancement facilitates reliable absolute calibration in fusion research.