Interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer: a salvage tool seeking first aid

Area of Science:

• Reproductive biology
• Conservation genetics
• Developmental biology

Background:

• Interspecific Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (ISCNT) is explored as a conservation tool for endangered species.
• Existing studies on ISCNT provide preliminary and often unclear results regarding embryonic development.
• The term ISCNT is frequently misused, as donor cells and oocytes often originate from different taxonomic orders or classes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and analyze all published data on ISCNT, including conference abstracts.
• To critically evaluate the current status and challenges of ISCNT for endangered animal conservation.
• To propose solutions for improving the success rate of ISCNT.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of ISCNT studies.
• Classification of ISCNT reports based on taxonomic relatedness of cell and oocyte donors.
• Analysis of key hurdles in ISCNT, including nuclear reprogramming, DNA compatibility, and foster mother availability.

Main Results:

• ISCNT research is in its early stages with inconsistent findings on embryonic development.
• Low cloning efficiency is attributed to incomplete nuclear reprogramming.
• Significant challenges include mitochondrial-genomic DNA compatibility, embryonic genome activation, and suitable surrogate mothers.

Conclusions:

• ISCNT application for endangered species requires addressing critical issues beyond basic SCNT procedures.
• Clarifying taxonomic classifications in ISCNT studies is essential.
• Further research is needed to overcome hurdles related to genetic and developmental incompatibilities for successful application.