Influence of anterior palatal coverage on perception and retention in complete dentures

Oral perception is adversely affected by palatal coverage in complete denture wearers.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether an opening in an anterior palatal base enhanced oral perception and the effect of the size of the opening on retention.

Ten healthy dentate individuals (5 men, 5 women; age range: 22-29 years) participated in the perception test. The time required to sense a nylon thread embedded in test food was measured. The test was performed with 3 types of experimental palatal form: no-opening; small-opening, where the opening was located in the anterior region of the palatal base; and large-opening, where the opening was located between the incisive papilla and the third palatal rugae. No palatal coverage was used as a control. Retention force was measured by pulling and loading tests. In the pulling test, pulling force was applied to 2 points on the experimental denture base, and in the loading test, loading force was applied to 6 points. Response times (sec) and retention forces (N) were analyzed using a 1-way ANOVA for repeated measurements followed by the Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons (α=.05).

A significant difference was observed in response time in fiber perception between bases with or without a small opening (P =.017). In the pulling test, retention force with the small-opening type was 4% lower at the molar region, and 35% lower at the center of gravity than in the no-opening type. Retention force in the large-opening type was lower than in the small-opening type. In the loading test, retention force was 13 N or higher in all 3 types.

The small-opening type of palatal coverage improved oral perception and demonstrated sufficient retention force.