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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...
Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota

The human gut microbiome includes a diverse array of microbial species, including beneficial commensals and opportunistic pathogens, which interact to support host health. These microbes contribute to essential functions such as nutrient metabolism, immune system modulation, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. However, disruptions to this equilibrium—referred to as dysbiosis—can have widespread physiological consequences.Dysbiosis is often characterized by reduced microbial...
Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics01:21

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...
Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291
06:51

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Published on: December 10, 2016

Implications for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus colonization associated with Clostridium difficile infections.

Shigeki Fujitani1, W Lance George, Margie A Morgan

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. shigekifujitani@marianna-u.ac.jp

American Journal of Infection Control
|April 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Over half of patients with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) were colonized with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). VRE colonization in CDI patients is linked to higher rates of multidrug-resistant pathogen coinfection.

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A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
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A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

Published on: May 25, 2017

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291
06:51

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Published on: December 10, 2016

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
12:58

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

Published on: May 25, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) colonization shares risk factors with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI).
  • Understanding the interplay between VRE and CDI is crucial for infection control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of VRE colonization in patients with CDI.
  • To identify risk factors associated with VRE colonization in this patient population.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective evaluation of adult inpatients diagnosed with CDI.
  • Screening of C. difficile toxin-positive stool samples for VRE.
  • Comparison of risk factors between patients with and without VRE colonization.

Main Results:

  • VRE colonization was present in 55.7% of 158 CDI cases.
  • Independent risk factors for VRE colonization included long-term care facility admission, dementia, and recent hospitalization.
  • VRE-colonized CDI patients had higher rates of coinfection with MRSA and Acinetobacter spp.

Conclusions:

  • VRE colonization is common in patients with CDI.
  • Active surveillance for VRE in high-risk CDI patients is recommended.
  • VRE colonization is associated with increased risk of coinfection with other multidrug-resistant pathogens.