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Subliminal perception refers to the processing of sensory information that occurs below the level of conscious awareness. Researchers study subliminal perception by presenting a stimulus, such as a word or image, very quickly, typically around 50 milliseconds. This rapid presentation is often followed by another stimulus, such as a pattern of dots or lines, which blocks further mental processing of the initial stimulus. As a result, if participants cannot identify the initial stimulus better...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Measure Set-Specific Capture, a Consequence of Distraction While Multitasking
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Subliminal spatial cues capture attention and strengthen between-object link.

Wei-Lun Chou1, Su-Ling Yeh

  • 1Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Consciousness and Cognition
|April 5, 2011
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Summary

Subliminal cues, unlike visible ones, shift attention between objects, not within them. This challenges the spreading hypothesis of attention, supporting a new consciousness-dependent shifting hypothesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Attention

Background:

  • The spreading hypothesis posits that attention spreads within a cued object, leading to a same-object advantage.
  • This hypothesis is primarily based on studies using suprathreshold (visible) cues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether subliminal cues, which are not consciously perceived, also cause attention to spread within an object.
  • To propose and test an alternative hypothesis: that subliminal cues facilitate attention shifts between objects.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the two-rectangle method to present visual stimuli.
  • Employed effective subliminal cues and compared their effects with classic suprathreshold cues on attention allocation.

Main Results:

  • Suprathreshold cues produced conventional location and object effects, including a same-object advantage.
  • Subliminal cues resulted in a different-object advantage with a facilitatory location effect and a same-object advantage with an inhibitory location effect.

Conclusions:

  • Subliminal cues do not follow the spreading hypothesis of object-based attention.
  • Findings support the consciousness-dependent shifting hypothesis, suggesting subliminal attention shifts primarily occur between objects, potentially involving the dorsal pathway.