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Related Concept Videos

Structural Classification of Joints01:20

Structural Classification of Joints

Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...
Indeterminate Structure01:18

Indeterminate Structure

Indeterminate structures refer to structures where internal forces and reactions cannot be determined using only the equations of static equilibrium.  Indeterminate structures have more unknown forces and reaction forces than equations of static equilibrium that can be used to determine them. Indeterminate structures are often used in engineering to create complex, efficient, and aesthetically pleasing structures. There are various types of indeterminate structures used in engineering and some...
Distributed Loads: Problem Solving01:21

Distributed Loads: Problem Solving

Beams are structural elements commonly employed in engineering applications requiring different load-carrying capacities. The first step in analyzing a beam under a distributed load is to simplify the problem by dividing the load into smaller regions, which allows one to consider each region separately and calculate the magnitude of the equivalent resultant load acting on each portion of the beam. The magnitude of the equivalent resultant load for each region can be determined by calculating...
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...
Stability of structures01:14

Stability of structures

In mechanical engineering, the stability of systems under various forces is critical for designing durable and efficient structures. One fundamental way to explore these concepts is by analyzing systems like two rods connected at a pivot point, O, with a torsional spring of spring constant k at the pivot point. This system is similar in appearance to a scissor jack used to change tires on a car. In this case, the arms of the linkage (equivalent to the rods in this system) are entirely vertical,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior
06:48

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior

Published on: January 19, 2019

Distributed structure determination at the JCSG.

Henry van den Bedem1, Guenter Wolf, Qingping Xu

  • 1Joint Center for Structural Genomics, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA. vdbedem@slac.stanford.edu

Acta Crystallographica. Section D, Biological Crystallography
|April 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The automated Xsolve pipeline efficiently solved over 770 protein structures with 90% success, minimizing human intervention. Integrated tools like Consensus-Modeler and qFit further automated structure refinement for enhanced structural biology research.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior
06:48

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior

Published on: January 19, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Structural Biology
  • Computational Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The Joint Center for Structural Genomics (JCSG) is a major center funded by the US Protein Structure Initiative (PSI).
  • Automated pipelines are crucial for high-throughput structure determination in structural biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the performance and efficiency of the automated Xsolve pipeline for protein structure solution and refinement.
  • To demonstrate the effectiveness of integrated computational tools in minimizing human intervention during structure determination.

Main Methods:

  • Xsolve pipeline executed multiple crystallography software programs in parallel on a Linux cluster.
  • Consensus-Modeler was used to generate optimal models from multiple traces.
  • Xpleo and qFit were employed for automated fragment building and alternate conformation fitting.

Main Results:

  • Xsolve successfully solved, traced, and partially refined 90% of nearly 770 MAD/SAD structures at an average resolution of 2 Å.
  • The pipeline operated with minimal human intervention, showcasing high automation levels.
  • Integrated tools significantly reduced manual effort in structure refinement.

Conclusions:

  • The Xsolve pipeline is a highly effective and automated system for protein structure determination.
  • The integration of novel algorithms like Consensus-Modeler, Xpleo, and qFit enhances efficiency and accuracy in structural biology.
  • Automated pipelines are essential for advancing large-scale structural genomics efforts.