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Primary Vesico-Ureteral Reflux: Comparison of Factors between Infants and Children

Hyeon Chan Jang1, Kyung Hun Lee, Jae Shin Park

  • 1Department of Urology, Catholic University of Daegu, School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.

Korean Journal of Urology
|April 5, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is more common in male infants but shifts to female children. Renal parenchymal damage (RPD) incidence in VUR correlates with reflux grade, not gender.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Urology
  • Nephrology
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a condition where urine flows backward from the bladder to the ureters.
  • Renal parenchymal damage (RPD) is a known complication of VUR.
  • The association of VUR with age, sex, and RPD is established, but differences between infants and children warrant further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare factors influencing VUR and RPD in infants versus children.
  • To analyze the impact of gender, age, and VUR grade on RPD.
  • To investigate gender-specific incidence patterns of VUR in different age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 147 primary VUR patients diagnosed between 1997 and 2010.
  • Patients were categorized into two groups: infants (Group 1, <1 year) and children (Group 2, >1 year).
  • Statistical analysis (Fisher's exact test, chi-square) was used to assess VUR grade, gender, and RPD associations.

Main Results:

  • VUR incidence was higher in males in infants (Group 1) and females in children (Group 2).
  • Abnormal renal scans (indicating RPD) were more frequent in intermediate and high-grade VUR compared to low-grade VUR in infants.
  • No statistically significant gender difference in abnormal renal scans was observed within either age group.

Conclusions:

  • VUR prevalence shows a gender shift: more common in males in infancy and females in childhood.
  • RPD incidence is linked to VUR grade, particularly in infants.
  • Further research is needed to understand gender-specific RPD in infants with high-grade VUR.
Abstract

Keywords:
Age groupsRadioisotope scanningUrinary tract infectionsVesico-ureteral reflux

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