Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.

Purposive Learning

Purposive Learning

E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a bonus...

Learning Disabilities

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...

Associative Learning

Associative Learning

Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Understanding the associations between neurodevelopmental features and internalising and externalising behaviours: A transdiagnostic approach.

JCPP advances·2026

Same author

A new approach to assessment for young children referred by education professionals for socio-emotional, behavioural, and cognitive difficulties.

JCPP advances·2026

Same author

Real-World Performance of the Veriset Hemostatic Patch: A Multicenter Study of Adjunctive Hemostasis.

Medical devices (Auckland, N.Z.)·2026

Same author

The Signposting Questionnaire for Autism-2 (SQ-A-2): using input from autistic adults to inform questionnaire development.

Molecular autism·2026

Same author

TWIST-R: a suggested way to classify hiatus hernias.

Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus·2026

Same author

A scoping review of outcome reporting in randomized controlled trials of incisional and non-incisional ventral hernia repair.

Hernia : the journal of hernias and abdominal wall surgery·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism

Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism

Published on: October 3, 2018

Implicit learning of local context in autism spectrum disorder.

Anastasia Kourkoulou¹, Susan R Leekam, John M Findlay

¹Wales Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, UK. kourkouloua@gmail.com

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

|April 5, 2011

Summary

Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) show intact contextual cueing but struggle with adapting to new situations when local spatial contexts dominate. This impacts flexible learning in ASD.

More Related Videos

Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism

Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism

Published on: December 14, 2012

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism

Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism

Published on: October 3, 2018

Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism

Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism

Published on: December 14, 2012

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Developmental Psychology

Background:

Previous research indicates implicit learning deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
The contextual cueing task has shown intact spatial contextual information integration in ASD.
Contextual cueing facilitates learning in individuals with ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate adaptive learning processes in ASD using an adapted contextual cueing task.
To examine how local versus global spatial contexts influence learning and adaptation in ASD.
To understand the implications for educational strategies for individuals with ASD.

Main Methods:

Utilized an adapted contextual cueing task, a paradigm assessing implicit learning.
Compared learning and adaptation in individuals with ASD versus control groups.
Manipulated exposure to repeated contexts biasing attention to local or global spatial displays.

Main Results:

Replicated findings that contextual cueing facilitates learning in ASD.
Observed difficulties in adapting to new trials when local spatial contexts were emphasized.
Demonstrated diminished adaptive processes in ASD under specific local spatial context conditions.

Conclusions:

Individuals with ASD exhibit intact contextual cueing but impaired adaptation to novel situations influenced by local spatial contexts.
Adaptive learning, crucial for flexible responses, appears reduced in ASD when local spatial information is salient.
Findings suggest a need for tailored educational strategies considering attentional biases in ASD.