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Related Concept Videos

Mitosis and Cytokinesis01:35

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome duplication, chromosome distribution to daughter cells, and finally, cell division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by its regulatory systems as well as extracellular signals that affect cell proliferation.
The processes of the cell cycle occur over approximately 24 hours (in typical human cells) and in two major distinguishable stages. The...
Mitosis and Cytokinesis02:03

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome duplication, chromosome distribution to daughter cells, and finally, cell division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by its regulatory systems as well as extracellular signals that affect cell proliferation.
The processes of the cell cycle occur over approximately 24 hours (in typical human cells) and in two major distinguishable stages. The...
Mitosis and Cytokinesis02:03

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome duplication, chromosome distribution to daughter cells, and finally, cell division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by its regulatory systems as well as extracellular signals that affect cell proliferation.
The processes of the cell cycle occur over approximately 24 hours (in typical human cells) and in two major distinguishable stages. The...
Mitosis And Cytokinesis01:35

Mitosis And Cytokinesis

In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome duplication, chromosome distribution to daughter cells, and finally, cell division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by its regulatory systems as well as extracellular signals that affect cell proliferation.
The processes of the cell cycle occur over approximately 24 hours (in typical human cells) and in two major distinguishable stages. The...
Forces Acting on Chromosomes02:11

Forces Acting on Chromosomes

During mitosis, chromosome movements occur through the interplay of multiple piconewton level forces. In prometaphase, these forces help in chromosome assembly or congression at the equatorial plane, eventually leading to their alignment at the metaphase plate. The forces acting on the chromosomes are space and time-dependent; therefore, they vary with the position of the chromosomes as the cell progresses through mitosis. 
Microtubules and motor proteins exert two types of forces on...
M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations
07:14

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations

Published on: September 20, 2019

How to be a mitotic chromosome.

Sandra C Moser1, Jason R Swedlow

  • 1Wellcome Trust Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK. s.c.moser@dundee.ac.uk

Chromosome Research : an International Journal on the Molecular, Supramolecular and Evolutionary Aspects of Chromosome Biology
|April 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Proper mitotic chromosome structure ensures accurate cell division. Key proteins like topoisomerase II, condensins, and cohesin, along with signaling molecules, dynamically assemble chromosomes during mitosis.

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations
07:14

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations

Published on: September 20, 2019

Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Segregation During Mitosis
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Published on: March 14, 2018

Examination of Mitotic and Meiotic Fission Yeast Nuclear Dynamics by Fluorescence Live-cell Microscopy
12:04

Examination of Mitotic and Meiotic Fission Yeast Nuclear Dynamics by Fluorescence Live-cell Microscopy

Published on: June 24, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Mitotic chromosome structure is crucial for accurate chromosome segregation during cell division.
  • The assembly of mitotic chromosomes is increasingly understood as a dynamic and progressive process.
  • Several molecular players, including topoisomerase II, condensins, and cohesin, are known to be involved.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the intricate interactions between different molecular activities during mitotic chromosome assembly.
  • To understand how these components collectively contribute to the final, familiar form of the mitotic chromosome.

Main Methods:

  • The study integrates current findings on the roles of topoisomerase II, condensins, cohesin, and signaling molecules.
  • Analysis of the dynamic and progressive nature of chromosome assembly.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests a coordinated interplay between topoisomerase II, condensins, cohesin, and signaling pathways.
  • These interactions are essential for achieving the characteristic structure of mitotic chromosomes.

Conclusions:

  • The familiar form of the mitotic chromosome arises from the dynamic interaction of multiple protein complexes and signaling molecules.
  • Understanding these interactions provides insight into the fundamental mechanisms of chromosome segregation.