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Behavioral bone-conduction thresholds for infants with normal hearing.

Lauren R Hulecki1, Susan A Small

  • 1School of Audiology and Speech Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Journal of the American Academy of Audiology
|April 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infants under 30 months exhibit a maturational air-bone gap in low-frequency bone-conduction hearing, persisting until at least 30 months of age. This necessitates distinct normal levels for behavioral assessments in infants.

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Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Pediatric Hearing Assessment
  • Auditory Development

Background:

  • Bone-conduction thresholds are crucial for differentiating hearing loss types in infants and adults.
  • Physiological measures in infants reveal a low-frequency maturational air-bone gap due to auditory system development, not conductive impairment.
  • This gap persists up to 2 years, necessitating investigation into behavioral assessment methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate behavioral bone-conduction thresholds in infants using visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA).
  • To determine if frequency-dependent maturational patterns, similar to physiological findings, exist for behavioral bone-conduction thresholds.
  • To assess the presence and extent of a maturational air-bone gap in young children's behavioral hearing assessments.

Main Methods:

  • Behavioral bone-conduction minimum response levels were measured using VRA at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz.
  • Two infant groups were assessed: younger (7-15 months) and older (18-30 months), all screened for low hearing loss risk.
  • Data analysis involved calculating 90th percentile normal levels, mixed-model ANOVA for group and frequency comparisons, and linear regression for age effects.

Main Results:

  • Infants under 30 months demonstrated frequency-dependent behavioral bone-conduction thresholds, with better responses at 500/1000 Hz than 2000/4000 Hz.
  • No significant difference in bone-conduction thresholds was found between the younger (mean 10.6 months) and older (mean 23.0 months) infant groups at any frequency.
  • A maturational air-bone gap was observed in the low frequencies when compared to established infant air-conduction thresholds.

Conclusions:

  • Behavioral bone-conduction thresholds in infants under 30 months mirror findings from physiological studies.
  • A maturational air-bone gap persists in low frequencies until at least 30 months of age.
  • Different normal hearing levels are recommended for behavioral bone-conduction assessments in infants compared to adults.