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Related Concept Videos

Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...
RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
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Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...

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Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles
10:23

Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles

Published on: May 8, 2015

Self-assembling RNA square.

Sergey M Dibrov1, Jaime McLean, Jerod Parsons

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|April 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers designed and built the smallest RNA square nanoobject. This double-stranded RNA structure self-assembles and offers a new platform for nanoscale design and combinatorial applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Nanotechnology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Noncoding RNA structures feature recurring motifs used in artificial RNA nanomaterials.
  • Previous RNA nanoobject assembly relied on complex oligonucleotide hybridization.
  • Characterization of RNA nanoobjects was limited by size and complexity, often to low-resolution microscopy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design, construct, and determine the high-resolution crystal structure of a novel, small, square-shaped nanoobject made from double-stranded RNA.
  • To investigate the self-assembly properties and three-dimensional architecture of the RNA square.
  • To establish the RNA square as a versatile platform for combinatorial nanoscale applications.

Main Methods:

  • Design and synthesis of short oligonucleotides for self-assembly.
  • High-resolution (2.2 Å) X-ray crystallography for structural determination.
  • Demonstration of programmed self-assembly from complex mixtures.

Main Results:

  • The smallest double-stranded RNA square nanoobject (100 residues) was successfully designed and constructed.
  • The RNA square self-assembles from two types of short oligonucleotides (10 and 15 bases).
  • Despite secondary structure symmetry, the 3D architecture is asymmetric, with unique corner folding patterns.

Conclusions:

  • The RNA square represents a significant advancement in the design of artificial RNA nanoobjects.
  • The programmed self-assembly and distinct corner structures provide a foundation for combinatorial nanoscale platforms.
  • This work enables new possibilities for RNA-based nanotechnology and molecular design.